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THE COURIER LITH CO BUFFALO. NY 



HAND=BOOK 



OF 



HOESEMANSHIP 



AND THE 



HABITS AND DISEASES OF THE HORSE 
AND OTHER ANIMALS. 



By 
PROF. O. R. OLKASON 



ONB HUNDRED' ILLUSTRATIONS. 






BUFFALO: 
THE COURIER COMPANY, PRINTERS. 

Office of the Daily Courier, 197 Main Street. 




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C O N T E N T S, 



O R (Tleason's Traveling Outfit iu 1879-80 (lUustratiouj 2 

5 



Horsemanship • 

Names and Situations of the External Parts of a Horse. (Illustration) 7 

Mr. Hamlin States his Views on Breeding ^ 

Bonaparte Bridle. (Illustration). ^'' 

Eureka Bridle ^ ^ 

Double Bonaparte Bridie. ... "^^ 

L'ouble Safety Rope .... 11 

To Cure Pawing and Kicking in Stall l- 

Great Method of Telling the Horse'.s Dispositiou - ■ • 13 

Rule for Buying a Perfect Horse • ^*^ 

Simple Riding Bridle. (Illustration) l"^ 

How to Ride a Colt • • ^'^ 

To Train a Horse to Stand when you are (letting in a Carriage 14 

Objects of Fear. (Illustration) • • • 1"* 

To Break Horses from Jumping. .; Illustration) ... 15 

Kicking in Harness. (Illustration) . 16 

To Break a Horse of Kicking at its Mate in a Stall (Illustration) 16 

To Drive a Colt Before Being Harnessed. (Illustration) ■ 16 

To Break Single-footed Horse to Trot Square (Illustration; ■ 18 

To Break a Horse Afraid of Umbrella or Buffalo Robe. (Illustration) ; . . . . 18 

To Break any Horse of Sv/itching his Tail. (Illustration) 19 

Merit Recognized • • 30 

On the Training of Horses for Trotting. (Ilustration) 80 

To Break a Horse to Trot which is a Pacer (Illustration) 31 

The Wild Colt. (Illustration) 82 

To Break a Horse of Kicking at Persons Entering the Stall. (Illustration) 23 

To Educate and Prevent a Horse from Cribbing. (Illustration) . . . . . 23 

To Make a Horse Turn his Body when he Turns his Head. (Illustration) 24 

The Necessity of Proper Management of Horses 84 

Breaking Colts to Harness. (Illustration) . , 35 

The Only Practical Way to Get a Horse Up that Throws Himself. (lilustratiuu; 25 

To Educate a Colt or Horse not to be Afraid of liis Heels. (Illustration) 26 

Horses Afraid of the Cars. (Illustration) 3() 

To Cure a Cow of Kicking While Being Milked. (Illustration) 27 

Handling Horses' Hind Feet (Illustration) 37 

To Educate a Cow to Let Her Milk Down. (Illustration) 88 

Practical Result of Educating the Cow to Give Down Milk. (Illustration) .... 28 

To Educate a Horse Not to Get Cast in the Stall (Illustration) 2!^ 



IV TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Page. 

Scientific Points worth Keeping 29 

Halter Puller. (Illustration) 30 

New Style of Telling the Ages of Horses. (Illustration) 80 

Old Style of Telling the Ages of Horses. (Illustration) 31 

Exhibition Time, 1884, (Illustration) S2 

To make Horses Perfectly Safe for Family Use 33 

Ladies' Equestrian Horsemanship. (Illustration) 34 

From the Press and Public 38 

Bonner's Trotters 39 

A Perfect Horse. (Illustration) 52 

Mr. Hamlin's Idea on Breeding 53 

Mambrino King. (Illustration) 54 

Hamlin's Almont, Jr. (Illustration) 56 

Shoeing. (Illustration) 58 

The Shoe. (Illustration) 60 

Quarter and Toe Crack. (Illustration) 63 

Thrush. (Illustration) 64 

Hoof Expanding Horseshoe. (Illastiation) 64 

Perfect Horse's Head. (Illustration) 65 

Giving Horse Medicine. (Illustration) 65 

Nailing 65 

Interfering Shoes . 66 

Only Safe Method of Controlling Horse Bad to Shoe (Illustration) 66 

The Bevel of the Foot Surface 67 

The Bevel on the Ground Surface • 67 

Contracted Feet. (Illustration) 67 

Keep Your Horse in Good Health. (Illustration) 68 

Kicking Cows 71 

Training Dogs 72 

Training the Shepherd Dog to Drive 73 

The Watch Dog 75 

The Trick Dog 75 

Diseases of the Dog 80 

Diseases of the Horse 84 

Miscellaneous Statistics 94 

Double Safety Rope (Illustration), 96 



INTRODUCTION 



As the value of the horse is daily becoming more manifest it is presumed 
that any attempt to reduce into a system the art of preserving him in health 
and of removing disease, will not be unacceptable. 

It is certain that at no period in the history of this country has the horse 
stood so high in general estimation, or, by the display of his various powers, 
rendered himself an object more worthy of our consideration. As greater 
attention is now paid to the breeding of horses, for the different purposes of 
the turf, the road, etc., so should our anxiety for their preservation increase. 

The object of this publication is to render as plain and familiar as possible 
a subject that has, for a length of time, remained in obscurity ; the want of 
a work possessing practical facts and illustrations has long been severely felt 
and acknowledged. 

Under this conviction, I am induced to lend my aid in bringing forth the 
present volume, with such alterations and additions as an extensive experi- 
ence and practice in this country may warrant. 

To remove long standmg prejudices, I am aware, is a difficulc task ; still, 
I venture to hope that a careful perusal of these pages will excite, in some 
degree, the feelings of humanity in respect to the many sufferings to which 
the generous animal is frequently liable from unmerited cruelty and injudi- 
cious treatment, and that mankind may be induced to view his sufferings with 
an eye of sympathy and tenderness, and have recourse to a rational mode of 
practice when accident or disease may require it. 

I am not avs^are that any publication has been issued from the press of any 
country, in which the veterinary science, or even horsemanship), has been 
laid down in such a manner as to be clearly understood. The present work 
is so familiar in its composition as to render it at once interesting and 
intelligible to every one who may think proper to peruse its contents. 

To such persons as are removed at a distance from those places where the 
assistance of a veterinary surgeon can be had in cases of emergency, this 
work must prove highly useful, as such rules for the discerning of disease, 
and such a plan of treatment is recommended, as, if judiciously followed, 
will rescue from the danger of blind experiment the noblest and most valu- 
able quadruped m creation — the horse. 

Truly yours, 

Prof. 0. K. GLEASON, 

Horse Educator 



HORSEMANSHIP. 



It is necessary for any man, wishing to handle horses successfully, to be 
self-possessed, determined, and to give some attention to the horse's natural 
habits and disposition. I do not think it is claiming too much for this sys- 
tem to say, by its use any horse may be broke (regardless of his being pre- 
viously spoiled), so as to make him perfectly docile and even safe for a 
family horse. 

In dealing with this plan you are not wasting your time with a mysterious 
trick, with which so many are humbugged by unprincipled men, who have 
nothing good at heart for either horse or man, but merely want ill-gained 
dollars. In this book you will find the principles of a universally applicable 
system for the better training of horses for man's use, producing such 
matchless docility as has not before been found. The three fundamental 
principles of this theory are : First, unconditional control, teaching sub- 
mission, and docility. (This being the first lesson for the horse, is of the 
greatest importance, and is the same to his after education that the alphabet 
is to the boy's, and should be learned perfectly for ease and success in after 
lessons.) Secondly, let kindness run through all your actions toward the 
horse; thirdly, appeal properly to the horse's understanding, prudently 
associating mastery with kindness ; rebuke ivrong, and reward right. 

Although the horse possesses some faculties superior to man, yet he is 
deficient in reasoning pow^r, consequently cannot associate past and present 
things, know right from wrong, or decide what he should or should not do, 
yet he is naturally of a kind disposition as evidenced by his attachment to 
his kind keeper. He has no thought of disobedience, except by the per- 
nicious imprudence of violating the laws of his nature, in which case he is not 
in fault, but the violator. You will hereinafter learn that he may be taught 
to perfectly submit to anything, however odious it may have been to him 
at first. Truly yours, 

Prof. 0. K, GLEASON, 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 




N?1 



NAMES AND SITUATIONS OF THE EXTERNAL PARTS OF A HORSE. 



1 


Muscles. 


15. 


Hock. 


29. 


Heel. 


2. 


Face. 


16. 


Cannon. 


30. 


Small Pastern. 


8. 


Forehead. 


17. 


Fetlock. 


31. 


Large Pastern. 


4. 


Poll. 


18. 


Large Pastern. 


32. 


Fetlock. 


5. 


Crest. 


19. 


Small Pastern. 


33. 


Cannon or Shank 


6. 


Withers, 


20. 


Hoof. 


34. 


Knee. 


7. 


Back. 


21. 


Sheath. 


35. 


Forearm. 


8. 


Loins. 


22. 


Flank. 


36. 


Breast. 


9. 


Hip. 


23. 


Belly. 


37. 


Point. 


10. 


Croup. 


24. 


Stifle. 


38. 


Shoulder. 


11. 


Dock. 


25. 


Coronet. 


39. 


Windpipe. 


12. 


Quarters. 


26. 


Girth. 


40. 


Gullet. 


13. 


Thigh. 


27. 


Elbow. 


41. 


Neck. 


14. 


Hamstring. 


28. 


Arm. 


42. 


Jowl. 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 



(From Turf, Field and Farm. March 37, 1885.} 

MR. HAMLIN STATES HIS VIEWS ON BREEDING. 



Editors Turf, Field akd Farm 

The discussion on breeding started in your columns by General B. F. 
Tracy has proved very interesting, but judging from what I have read and 
seen, the breeders of the country have lost sight of all objects except how 
to produce the greatest amount of speed. Everything is sacrificed to it= 
The craze has run on Hambletonian, Blue Bull, Woodford Mambrino, 
George Wilkes, Jerome Eddy, Smuggler, Fearnaught and horses with low 
records, or whuih have produced horses that have acquired low records. 
Statistics will undoubtedly show that not more than one real trotter comes 
out of fifty foals, and as near as I can determine it costs in our climate not 
less, on the average, than $500 to breed and rear a colt to fi\e years old. 
Such being the case, it ceases to be a wonder that the foals of so many sires 
in the fashion do not sell at maturity for anything like what it costs to pro- 
duce them. The forty-nine which are not able to train to a 2.20 record, 
and which are ordinary in appearance and formation, are in demand for 
nothing but menial employment, and it is their fate to pass into the stables 
of the street railway companies at from il50 to $200. The ambitious 
breeder starts off with a heavy investment in lands, i)addocks, buildings and 
stock, but when he keep! drawing for a number of years but one real prize 
out of fifty, serious inrc ads are made on his bank account. He struggles 
on, expecting, like MicaA^ber, that something will turn up" to place him on 
solid ground, but he is doomed to disappointment The mevitable loss 
makes a startling aggregate in the course of time, and then, in desperation, 
the humbled breeder makes a clearing -out sale, or changes to Jerseys or Hol- 
steins, and under plea of bad health is off to Europe ; the pretentious build- 
ings fall into decay, and one more .vuin lines the road. 

Is there no remedy for this ? I think so. Instead of breeding exclusively 
for speed, the aim should be to produce a perfect horse — one which has 
beauty, style and vitality, as well as action. If we go about it right we can 
join these desirable qualities to a great, trotting inheritance. The animals 
which do not trotj but which have good looks to commend them, will always 
sell at a profit for carriage and other fancy driving. They will not draw 
street cars. The people have a natural love of beauty, and they would 
rather have high form with a moderate amount of speed than ungainly form 
with a regular wind.-splitting gait. The qualities of ?tyle, beauty and 



HAND-BOOK OF EO RSE MA N SHIP. 9 

vitality will also commend the fillies or young mares for the harem and the 
young stallions for the stud. One reason why the sons and daughters of 
Mambrino Patchen have been in so much demand is that they have quality, 
which was transmitted to them by their sire. They have contributed, to a 
wonderful degree, to help out the plain stallions with which they were 
crossed. The gentlemen who go out every pleasant afternoon for recreation 
are rapidly substituting handsome, symmetrical horses for the plainer ones 
of the Dick Swiveller type. In a two-hours' drive your fast horse is speeded 
but five or ten minutes. The rest of the time, if plain, he slouches along, 
and forms anything but an attractive picture. What a contrast between 
him, with his down head, and down, corkscrew tail, and the up-headed, 
quick-stepping horse, with beautiful flowing tail ! And how much more 
pleasant to ride behind the latter, although he may not pull you a 2.20 gait ! 
The horse which fills my ideal is as much trotting-bred as the coarser 
animal ; he has the instinct to trot, and the best ones of his family are as 
liable to go to the front as a Maud Macey or a Maxey Cobb. I like speed as 
much as the next man, but I wish to avoid defective formation. No 
intelligent breeder will question for a moment the fact that Blue Bull, 
George Wilkes and Woodford Mambrino possess a strong inheritance of 
. speed ; but so far, with eyes wide open and with a view to purchase, 1 have 
failed to find a son of either which fills my requirement of perfect formation. 
Many of them have ugly heads and others bad hocks and a general lack of 
symmetry and finish, which, in my opinion, render them unfit to be put at 
the head of breeding establishments ; and any breeder who does not 
recognize this fact will fail of complete success. Not a single son of Greorge 
Wilkes, with all the advantages of Kentucky bred mares, has more than one, 
and not a son of Blue Bull has contributed a single performer to the 2.30 
list. Woodford Mambrino has but one son which has scored even a moderate 
success in the stud, and that is Princeps, sun'ounded at Indian Hill by the 
best mares that money could buy. Contrast, if you please, this showing 
with that of Hamlin's Almont, Jr., a horse who at twelve years old had four 
in the 2.30 list with an average of 2.26M. Also, contrast it with that of 
Mambrino King, who, with very limited opportunity in the stud— his colts 
not having been trained — has one in the 2.30 list. As these two horses pos- 
sess the coats of a thoroughbred — bright eyes, clean-cut throats, smooth- 
turned hips, fluted legs, the best of feet, and spirited, happy gaits, demon- 
strating a rich inheritance, and are backed up by the thoroughbred crosses 
which give stamina, and as they have produced as well, if not better, than 
the sons of George Wilkes, Blue Bull and Woodford Mambrino, so highly 
€xtrolled for their prepotent powers, it logically follows that parties adopting 
my plan have greater chances of success than those who pursue a different 
poIi6y— who breed exclusively for speed, ignoring the other qualities. And 







// A N D-B OOK OF HOB 8EMA NS HIP 



right here 1 wish to predict that Hamlm's Almont, Jr. will have eight, and 
probably ten, in the 2.30 circle at thirteen years of age, which will place him 
so far ahead of all other stallions of the same age as to remove the question 
from the arena of debate or discussion. There is but on. horse with a record 
of 2.20 which has produced a colt with a record of 2.20 or better, and there 
is but one stallion which has been campaigned to any extent which has been 
a marked success in the stud. This, in my Judgment, shows the folly of 
running after stallions with fast records. Stallions with records of 2.1534 
and 2.1G^, with no progeny to speak for them on the turf, do not point the 
way to profit. If breeders would pay more attention to form, disposition 
and vitality, if they would labor to combine these qualities with a trotting 
inheritance, the disasters would not be so numerous. There would be less 
clearing-out sales, fewer trips abroad m search of health, and certainly not 
ninety per cent, of failures. My long connection with the Buffalo Driving 
Park has taught me to value performance, but with performance I want 
other things. 1 want on my farm horses bred in the trotting lines, which 
have demonstrated their ability to produce trotters, and which, when led 
through the streets of a city, will so carry themselves as to attract universal 
attention, and thus silently assert their superiority over the descendants of 
George Wilkes, Blue Bull and Woodford Mambrino. 

C. J. HAMLIN. 




^-_^ 



Bonaparte Bridle. 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP 11 



FOR THE THREE FOLLOWING BRIDLES, USE A STOUT CORD, ONE-EIGHTH 
INCH DIAMETER AND TWENTY FEET LONG. 

Eureka Bridle. 

(1) Put slip noose around neck, pass through mouth over tongue from off 
side, (2) then through noose on near side, and pull forward firmly, then 
over head just behind ears from near side, then under upper lip, above 
upper jaw from off side, pass through second cord and fasten firmly in bow- 
knot. This bridle is to make a horse stand while being curried, harnessed 
and shot, or while having eyes, ears or other sore parts dressed. 



0. R. Gleason's Double Bouaparte Bridle. 

Make in one end of rope a small stationary loop, just large enough to slip 
over horse's lower jaw. Put on horse's lower jaw, bring over middle of 
neck from oil side, pass downward through loop on near side, bring up to 
lower corner of cheek-bone on near side, hold there with right thumb, pass 
the slack under upper lip and over upper jaw from near side, bring over 
neck, just behind ears, from offside; then through loop held by thumb. 
Don't fasten. 

This bridle is to teach horses to back, stop at the word " Whoa ! " and is 
also for driving kicker, in which case it is put on under ordinary driving 
bridle, the end brought back into vehicle and laid beside whip-socket, or 
held in one hand, and used with a sharp jerk and the words, "Take care," 
when horse tiies to kick. 



0. B. Grleason's Double 8afety-rope. 

Put around horse's body, in front of barrel, stout strap or surcingle, and 
fasten securely. Fasten around each fore foot, between hoof-band and 
fetlock-joint, a hames strap with rings in it. Take about on^-half-inch or 
five-eighths-inch cotton rope, twenty feet long. Fasten one end through ring 
in strap on near foot, pass end through surcingle, under barrel, from front, 
then through ring on strrip in off foot, from the inside, then again through 
surcingle from the front. Stand on near side when using. Thiy rope is 
used for throwing horses, teaching to stop at word, stopping and breaking 
runaways and kickers. Can be used in vehicle same as Double Bonaparte 



X2 BAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP 



To Cure Pawing and Kicking in Stall. 

For Pawing. — Take a piece of trace chain about seven inches long, tie to 
one end a block of wood about two inches diameter and six inches long, 
strap other end of this chain to front of leg, just above knee. When the 
horse paws, the block will rap his shin, and he will not paw over two or 
three times. 

For KicTcing in Stall. — Take a piece of elastic, same as you wear around 
sleeves, sew vest buckle on one end. Buckle this (not too tight) above knee- 
joint, over leader, on hind leg. When horse draws up his leg to kick, this 
will cause unpleasant pressure on leader, and he will stop. Do not use 
leather strap or cord; use elastic. 

0. R. Oleason's Great Method of Telling the Horse's 

Disposition, 

If a horse has large, thick ears, hairy inside, small, flat eyes sunk into 
head, small, thick nostrils, and if he is narrow between ears and between 
eyes, and very broad from eyes to jowls, he is a horse of no sense, and can 
be taught nothing. On the contrary, when a horse has small, thin, pointed 
ears, furry Inside, large, round, full eyes standing out well from head, large, 
thin nostrils, and is broad between his ears and between his eyes, and narrow 
from his eyes to his jowl, such a horse has intelligence, will learn quickly, 
and remember well, 

0. R. Gleason's Rule for Buying a Perfect Horse. 

The ears must be small, pointed and furry inside, and wide between. The 
eyes must be clear, full, large, standing out prominently, and wide between, 
The nostrils must be large and thin; n«ck long and well cut up under the 
jowl; stout, heavy muscle on top, and thin through middle. Withers 
must always be higher than hips, short back, broad and long hips, and close 
jointed. For durability always buy a close-jointed horse, and one with fine, 
short hair ; the finer the hair, the longer the life. For speed, the horse 
should measure exactly as much from between his ears and his withers, as 
from his withers to the coupling of the hips — that is, the withers should be 
exactly midway between his ears and the coupling of the hip. 

From the point of the withers to the shoulder should be just as long as 
from the coupling of the hip, over the kidneys, to point of hip by tail. 
From hoof-band of forward foot to point of withers, fifty-seven inches; 
from point of shoulders to point of hip, sixty-six inches. Parties buying 
))orses by this rule, will find it infallible. 



HAND-BOOK OF HOB 8E MAN8HIP 



13 




GLEASONfc. .-^niri.E RIDJNG BRIDLE. 

How to Ride a Colt. 

When you want a colt to start, do not touch him on the side with your 
heel, or do anything to frighten and make him jump. At once speak to 
him kindly, and if he does not start, pull him a little to the left until he 
does so, then let him walk off slowly with the reins loose. Walk him around 
in the stable a few times until he gets used to the bit ; you can turn him 
about in every direction, and stop him as you please. It will be well to get 
on and off a good many'times, until he gets perfectly used to it, before you 
take him out of the stable. After you have trained him in this way, which 
should not take more than two or three hours, you can ride him anywhere 
you choose without ever having him jump or making an eifort to throw you. 

When you first take him out of the stable, be very gentle with him, as he 
will feel a little more at liberty to jump or run, and be easier frightened than 
he was while in the stable; but will nevertheless find him pretty well broke, 
and will be able to manage him without trouble or danger. 

When you first mount a colt, take a little the shortest hold on the left 
rein, so that if anything frightens him, you can prevent him from jumping 
by pulling his head round to you. 

This operation of pulling a horse's head round against his side, will pre- 
vent him from jumping ahead, rearing up, or running away. If he is 



14 



HA NI)-B K F HOR 8 EM A NSHIP. 



stubborn and will not go, you can make him move by pulling his head 
around to one side, when whipping him would have no effect. Turning 
him around a few times will make him dizzy, and then by letting him have 
his head straight, and giving him a little touch with the whip, he will go 
along without any trouble. 

To Train a Horse to Stand when You are Getting 

into a C*arriage. 

There are many horses that are very gentle after starting, but that will 
not stand to let more than one get in ; they will then rear up and start very 
suddenly, and, if stopped, become stubborn, and refuse to start when called 
on. People usually punish them with the whip, or by kicking them, some- 
times in the belly, which is very dangerous, as they have thus been ruptured. 
Now, with such a horse as this, you should comm.ence in this way: After he 
is hitched, caress him about the head, then take hold of the reins and put 
your foot on the step, and shake the carriage; if he starts, pull gradually 
on the reins, and at the same time speak low, *"' Whoa, my boy!" or some- 
thing like it. Then ap;proach his head, and give him a piece of apple, caress 
him on the head, between the eyes, and on the nose and neck ; continue this 
kind of treatment a few minutes, and when you get in, don't you allow him 
to start off in a hurry— walk him off. After a few repetitions of this exer- 
cise, he will be perfectly submissive. 








OBJECTS OF FEAK. 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMAN SH IP. 



15 




->v 



»*> >/ 



TO BREAK HORSES FROM JUMPING. 



To Break Horses from Jumping. 

Tie straps to the fore feet, below the knee, pass it up under a surcingle 
around the body, and tie the other ends above the fetlock to straps inclosed 
in a ring, so one will go above, and the other below the fetlock. You will 
see that when he attempts to jump a fence, the fore foot is drawn up under 
him, and, as he springs to leave the ground, the hind feet will be pulled up, 
and he will inevitably remain in the lot. The value of .this plan is, that it 
will, in most instances, cure a horse or cow of the habit. 



Kicking in Harness. 

Kicking may justly be regarded as a bad habit, because of the danger 
incident to the use of such horses. It is well to remember that this habit 
is in most cases the result of carelessness or mismanagement. Proper atten- 
tion is not given to the fitting of the harness; the straps dangle about the 
flanks of the colt, unacquainted with their nature, which frightens and 
causes him to kick. Or, what is more common, an old harness is used, and 
breaks at some unlucky moment, which frightens the colt, and he kicks as 
a means of self-defense, when his feet and legs, coming in contact with the 
whiffletree or cross-piece, causes him greater fright, and he becomes reckless. 



16 



HAND-BOOK OF HO R8E MA N 8EIP. 



springs ahead in a frantic endeavor to free himself from his tormentor, until 
he tears himself loose, or is stopped, after being worried out with fright and 
exertion. Learning fear and resistance in this way, he becomes alarmed at 
the least indication of its repetition. This fear must be broken by familiar- 
izing the horse with the cause of his fear, at a time when he is powerless to 
resist, and, when he finds there is no danger of harm, he will cease resistance, 
[n the majority of cases this habit is broken by our means of control. 







KICKING IN HARNESS. 



To Break a Horse of Kicking at its Mate in a Stall. 

Put on the Bonaparte bridle, with the small loop on the lower jaw, letting 
the cord pass back to the hind leg. Attach it to a small ring, fastened 
around the leg, with two hame straps above and below the gambrel joint. 

To Drive a Colt before being Harnessed. 

Place on him a Bonaparte bridle, with the cord eighteen or twenty feet 
long, driving him around you in a circle, first one .way, then reverse and 
drive the other, your rope acting as a lead and drive-rein; shopping him at 
the word "whoa," and starting him by the usual word, until he will stop 
and start at the word of command; then place the lines in the tug-strap, 
and drive carefully around the yard. 




TO BREAK A HORSE OF KICKING AT ITS MATE IN A STALL. 




•■./»' -^ ^* 






TO DRIVE A COLT BEFORE BEING HARNESSED. 



18 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 




TO BREAK SINGLE-FOOT KD HORSE TO TROT SQUARE. 

To Break Single-footed Horse to Trot Square. 

Put on straps as seen in engraving, moving slow at first, and, by the time 
you have gone half a mile, your horse, at his full rate of speed, will be trot- 
ting square. Continue to exercise for a number of times, till your horse has 
got confidence in himself ; also, be careful not to drive a horse of this class 
with too much weight or load behind him. 

To Break Horse Afraid of Umbrella or Buffalo Robe. 

Place on the horse bridle (as seen in engraving, for cars) of straps 
explained. Present the umbrella or buffalo-robe, allowing him to smell of 
it; then rub it across his nose and head; open it gently, at the same time 
allow him to smell of it several times ; work gently till he becomes recon- 
ciled to it, and in a few lessons you will be able to use the umbrella in any 
place around him. 

To Break any Horse of Switching liis Tail. 

Place on the horse (as seen in the engraving) a collar and hames. Then 
turn over the tail on the back, fastened with a cord so that it cannot slip, 
passing the ends down through the lower hame-rings, pulling the tail down 
on the back, snug and tight, and fastening to the hame-rings. Then place 
on the horse a common surcingle to hold the cords in their proper places, 
turning the horse out in a close yard or barn floor, and let him or her kick 
or do as they please for nine hours or more, according to the strength of 
cord in the tail; and at the end of that time you may untie the tail, and 
have no fears of switching any more. 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP 



m 







TO BREAK HORSE AFRAID OF UMBRELLA OR BUFFALO ROBE. 




TO BREAK ANY HORSE OF SWITCHING HIS TAIL. 



20 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 



{From the Chicago Horseman, Chicago, Saturday, February 14, 1885.) 

Merit Recognized. — On Saturday night last, at Grenier's Garden, Prof. 
Gleason brought a ten weeks' engagement to a pleasant close. During that 
period, nightly he has lectured on the horse, educated him, trained him, 
cured him of evil tricks, and demonstrated that the horse is an intelligent 
animal to be educated, not abused, to be trained, not kicked. At the con- 
clusion of the first part of the entertainment, Mr. E. B. Abercrombie, on 
behalf of numerous admirers, stepped into the ring and in a few appropriate 
remarks presented the professor with a valuable horseshoe set with diamonds. 
He leaves Chicago with the warm wishes of a very large circle of friends and 
admirers. 

Prof. Gleason has achieved a success that no other man can claim, show- 
ing in Chicago, 111., for ten weeks, giving seventy-two exhibitions to over 
one hundred and fifty thousand persons, handling two hundred and sixteen 
head of vicious horses. 




On the Training of Horses for Trotting. 

The horse should be in good flesh. He should be driven moderately, with 
M'alking exercise every morning of about five miles. Before going into 
quarters, give him a brush, for one hundred yards, at the top of his speed, 
and one or two miles of moderate driving, sufficient to sweat him ; then rub 
dry with rubbing rags, light rubbing is the best, just enough to dry the hair. 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 



21 



Hard rubbing on the bones or cords causes soreness. Rub the flesh and 
muscles well to harden them. When driving to sweat, put on two thick 
woollen blankets, and drive at full speed two miles. Then turn down the 
hood, or neck cover, and scrape the head and neck well, and rub dry ; then 
cove^i" dry, and continue the same over the whole body, rubbing lightly and 
only enough to dry the hair. Then put on nice dry covering, and let him 
stand. Sweating often in this way will weaken ; it should be done but 
seldom. 

Their food and drink should be of the purest kind ; sift their oats free 
from all dust, and dust their hay too. Give about a handful at a feed, 
morning and noon, and about twice that at night. From twelve to sixteen 
quarts of oats would be a great plenty per day — twelve would be plenty for 
the majority. Give one gallon of water in the morning. The same at noon. 
At night give two gallons of water, and a peck of oats, with treble the 
quantity of hay. You should not exercise any horse on a full stomach, for 
then fast work hinders digestion. Grain, lying undigested in the stomach, 
generates a gas by fermentation, which sets the bots at work, and gives colic. 
Indigestion is the causes of many diseases, and can be avoided by adhering 
to the directions for feeding, watering and driving, given in the first part of 
this book. If he is bound up, and you wish to physic, give bran mashes. 




TO BREAK A HORSE TO TROT WHICH IS A PACER. 



22 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP 



The Wild Colt 

As the training of the horse must be based upon tlie observance of those 
principles of his nature requiring the exercise of his reason in everything 
forced upon his attention, and of conveying to liis understanding most 
clearly what is roquired of liim, it is advisable to commence our lesson on 
the management of the horse by explaining how to proceed with the wild 
colt. The lirst step to be taken is to see that the enclosure in which you 
intend to operate upon the colt is unoccupied by anything which will dis- 
tract the attention of the colt ; for instance, fowls, domestic animals, etc., 
and all persons except the one who is to undertake the training. This latter 
precaution should be taken for the reason that the presence of other parties 
would annoy the colt. Also, that, by allowing them to be present, you 
would violate the conditions of your instructions. 

Being prepared, the object is then to get the colt into his training place 
as carefully as possible, using such gentle means as may be convenient and 
most likely to be successful without exciting the colt. 

Every farmer or person at all acquainted with the management of horses 
knows well enougli how to do this in his own way, without being governed 
by any fixed rule 




THE WILD COLT. 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 



2% 



"TJ^^f^^K^- 




A \ 



TO BREAK A 



HORSE OF KICKING AT PERSONS ENTERING THE STALL. 




TO EDUCATE AND PREVENT A HORSE FROM CRIBBING. 



24 



HAND-BOOK OF HOUSEMAN SHIP. 




i:,, ;. 



TO MAKE A HOKSE TURN HIS BODY WHEN HE TURNS HIS HEAD. 



Tlie Necessity of Proper Management of Horses. 

Prudence in conforming to the laws of the horse's nature and winning his 
confidence by kindness, though indispensable, is only as the caution which 
guards against the force of a momentum. There is no ability to control, 
and there would be no need of subduing the horse by force, had there been 
no law of his nature violated. Since effects must be the result of causes, 
every consequence requiring the genius of man to combat and control must 
be the result of his own imprudence or ignorance. Harshness, and the 
neglect of this necessary attention, while mainly the cause of mischief, lead 
us to infer that the absence of such causes, with corresponding regards for 
methods of kindness, is sufficient to win the bad horse to a forgetf ulness of 
his power of resistance. The course of reasoning that teaches him man's 
inability to enforce absolute and unconditional submission under all 
circumstances of resistance ; in fi^ict, to disconcert and beat him on his 
ground with the apparent ease and certainty of positive ability, without re- 
sorting to harsh means or inflicting pain. For, as the aim of the physician 
is to subdue the force and eflect of the disease by using remedies the least 
aggravating in their action on the system, so the aim of the horseman should 
be in enforcing the submission of the horse to 'do it as nearly as possible on 
■A moral basis*. 




BREAKING COLTS TO HARNESS. 




THE ONLY PRACTICAL WAY TO GET A HORSE UP THAT THROWS HIMSELF. 



26 



nAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 




THE ONLY PRACTICAL WAY TO GET A HORSE UP THAT THROWS HIMSELF 




HORSES AFRAID DF THE CARS. 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 



27 




TO CURE A COW OF KICKING. WHILE BEING MILKED. 

To Cure a Cow of Kicking Wliile Being Milked. 

First tie secure to a post or in the stable. Then place on the cow a Bona- 
parte bridle (as seen in the engraving), passing the rope around one leg, and 
tying to the other, on the side which you sit down to milk at; then take a 
pole and touch your cow lightly, making her kick a few times, which will 
punish "her in the mouth ; and, after a few lessons of this kind, it never fails 
to radically cure them. In breaking young cows, use them gently, never 
using .harsh language or a loud voice ; and only in willful, stubborn cows 
will it be necessary to use the cord, and even then only use with the hand. 
Punish them when they do wrong, and caress them gently when they do 
right. 




'/-^ -^ 



ilanaiiiig Hnr.ses' Hiud Keet 




\^,#ij'|||iv.: 



TO EDUCATE A COW TO LET HER MILK DOWN. 




PRACTICAL RESULT OF EDUCATING THE COW TO GIVE DOWN MILK. 

[To procure the above results, it will be necessary to use 
I'rom fifty to sixty pounds weight.] 



HAND-BOOK OF HO RSEMANSHTP. 




29 



'«fH*'>*^-r*v^5j*;i«4fjfe»^i^^ 






TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO GET CAST IN THE STALL. 



Scientific Points Worth Keeping. 

There are 1,915 trotters with rf^cords of 2.30 or better; 593 of which have 
records of 2.35 or better; 129 with records of 2,20 or better ; 12 with records 
of 2.15 or better, and 2 with records of 2.10 or better. 

Of the horses in the 2.30 list, 874 are geldings, GG7 mares, and 371 stal- 
lions. Of these, 989 are bays, 316 chestnuts, 187 browns, 184 blacks, 165 
grays, 45 roans, 10 whites, 10 duns, 4 spotted, 1 blue, and 4 of unknown 
color. 

There are 380 pacing horses with records of 2.30 or better; 176 in 2.25 
or better ; 55 in 2.20 or better ; 16 in 2.15 or better, and one in 2.10 or 
better. 

The sex is, 251 geldings, 102 mares, and 27 stallions. In color they are 
bays, 162 ; chestnuts, 71 ; grays, 50; black, 32 ; browns, 29 ; roans, 26 ; 
duns, 8 ; spotted, 1, and 1 of unknown color. 

There were 224 trotters to enter the 2.30 list in 1884 ; 56 making records 
of 2;25 or better ; 2 of 2.20 or better. 

One hundred and eleven horses lowered theit records in 1884 ; 78 trotted 
in 2.25 or better ; 19 in 2.20 or better ; 5 in 2.15 or better, and 2 in 2.10 or 
better. 

Fifty-eight pacers dropped into the thirty list in 1884 ; 28 went in 2.25 
or better ; 8 in 2.20 or better, and 1 in 2.15 or better. 

Eighteen pacers lowered former record in 1884 ; 14 going in 2 -^'-^ o. bet- 
ter ; 10 in 2.20 or better ; 3 in 2.15 or better, and one (Johnston 2.06M in) 
2.10 or better. 

Thirteen four-year-old trotters went in 2.30 or better, before the public, 
while 5 of them made records of 2.25 or better, and 2 better tlie 2.20 



30 



HANB-BOOK OF HOBSEMANSBIP. 




It i/dl pay those that love to drive or ride a horse to attend Prof. 0. R. 
Gleasuii's exhibition of horsemanship ; you will see in two hours Avhat 
would take twenty years to learn by. experience. Prof. Gleason is a remark- 
able horseman. — Brooklyn Eagle. 

Eighteen exhibitions in Brooklyn, N. Y., corner of 5th and Flatbush ave., 
showing to over 68,000 persons. 

Fifty-nine exhibitions in Baltimore, Md., at City Hall, showing to over 
100,000 persons. 

Twenty-four exhibitions in Wilmington, Del,, 9th and Shipley streets, 
showing to over 60,000 persons. 

Prof. Gleasou has given exhibitions of his method of training horses to 
over a million and a half of people, and he is the holder of many high en- 
dorsements from those that have seen his system. 

The I^ew Style of Telling tlie Ages of Horses. 

All persons printing, or causing to be printed, this system, will be 
handled to the full extent of the law. 

A horse has 40 teeth, 24 grinders, 12 front teeth and 4 tusks. A mare 
has 36 teeth, 24 grinders, 12 front teeth and sometimes tusks, but not often. 



14 days, od 4 N 

3 months, 4 M 

6 months, 4 

1 year, cups leave N 

2 years, cups leave M 

2J^ years, sheds N 

3 years, full size N 

3K years, sheds M 

4 years, full size M 

ili years, sheds C 

N stands for nipper teeth ; M for middle teeth ; C for corner teeth. The 
groove comes on the upper corner teeth at 10 years old ; one-fourth way 
down, 12 years old; one-half way down, 15 years old; three-fourths way down, 
18 years old ; all the way out to the bottom, 21 years old. 

The above is the only true system in the world for telling a horse's age. 



5 years, full size C 

6 years, large cup in 0. small one 
in M. and still smaller in N 

7 years, cups leave N 

8 years, cups leave M 

9 years, cups leave 

10 years, groove in upper C 

15 years, half-way down uj^per. . . .0 
21 years, at the bottom C 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP 



31 











PROF O R GLEASON, INVENTOR OF THE HORSE'S AGE AND THE NEW 
SYSTEM OF TRAINING HORSES. 



32 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 




ExlilMtioii Time, lSS-1. 

MATTD S., 

Oil. m. by Harold, dam Miss Russell, by Pilot, Jr., record 2:0934, at Lex- 
ington, Ky., Nov. 11, 1884, 6 heats in 2.30 or better in 1884. 
New York City, June 48.— Exhibition, 2.10. 
New York City, June 20.— Exhibition, 2.24, 2.13^^. 
Cleveland, Ohio, Aug. 2.— Match against time, $200, 2.09^. 
Hartford, Conn., Oct. 14.— Exhibition, 2.12M. 
Lexington, Ky., Nov. 11. — Exhibition for Woodburu Cup, 2.09M. 

JAY-EYE-SEE, 
Blk. g. by Dictator, dam Midnight, by Pilot, Jr., record, 2.10, Providence, 

R. L, Aug. 1, 1884, 15 heats in 2.30 or better in 1884. Winnings 

unknown. 
Chicago, July 11.— Exhibition, $2,500, 2.19M, 2.11M, 2.21M. 
Pittsburgh, Pa., July 22.— Exhibition, 2.35H', 2.18M, 2.33M. 
Providence, R. L, Aug. 1.— Exhibition, 2.10. 
Bufialo, N. Y,, Aug. 8.— Exhibition, 2.10=^^. 
Philadelphia, Aug. 15.— Exhibition, 2.11, 2.10M. 
Prospect Park, L. I., Aug. 28.— Exhibition, 2.2 IM, 2.12)4, 2.14M. 
Minneapolis, Minn., Sept. 2. — Exhibition, 2.22}4, 2.18>2. 
Kalamazoo, Mich., Sept. 13.— Exhibition, 2.27^4, 2.20)^. 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 33 



MAXEY COBB, 

B. h. by Happy Medium, dam Lady Jenkins, by Blapk Jack, record 2.13>^, 
Providence, R. I., Sept 30, 1884, 8 heats in 2.30 or better in 1884. 
Winnings unknown. Also record as one of double team with Neta 
Medium of 3.15M. 

Albany, N. Y., June 26.— Purse, $1,000; fourth to Florence, Patchen, 
Louise N. and London. 

Hartford, Conn., Aug. 28. — Exhibition, 2.15. 

Providence, E. I., Sept. 9.— Purse 11,000; first, 2.20^. 2.17>^, 2.16M, 
beat Butterfly, Judge Davis, Adelaide, Belle F., St. Albans and Zoe B. 

Providence, R. L, Sept. 30. — Match against Lime, $25, 2.13K. 

New York City, Nov. 3. — Match against time, $200, to pole with Neta 
Medium, 2.1 7>^. 

New York City, Nov. 7. — Match against time, $200, to pole with Neta 
Medium, 2.18M. 

New York City, Nov. 13. — Match against time, $200, to pole with Neta 
Medium, 2.15?^. 

PHALLAS. 

B. h. by Dictator, dam Betsy Trotwood, by Clark Chief, record 2.13M ; Chi- 
cago, July 15, 1884, 16 heats in 2.30 or better in 1884. Winnings un- 
known. 

Chicago, July 15.— Purse $2,500 ; first ( ), 2.15M, 2.16M, 2.13%; beat 
Catchfly, (1) Olemmie G. and Fanny Witherspoon. 

Chicago, July 4. — Walk over for forfeit money, 2.33. 

Providence, li. L, Aug. 1.— Exhibition, 2.15, 2.13M. 

Buffalo, N. Y., Aug. 9.— Exhibition, 2.17M, 2.16M, 2.19M. 

Philadelphia, Aug. 15.— Exhibition, 2.15, 2.14^^, 2.153^^. 

Prospect Park, L, L, Aug. 28.— Exhibition, 2.18^, 2.20^i, 2.17>'2. 

Kalamazoo, Mich., Sept. 13.— Exhibition, 2.19Ji, 2.1 9J^. 

To Make Horses Perfectly Safe for Family Use 

For a family horse, we should select one with a full, prominent eye and 
a broad space between them, full forehead, ears straiglit and pointed ; when 
in action the ear should be in motion, working back and forth, thus show- 
ing that he knows what is transpiring around him. He should have a luug^ 
thin neck, and a full trumpet nostril. A horse of these points is not apt to 
tire on the road, for they indicate good blood. 

By giving the animal to understand that we are his friend and protector, 
he will feel that he is safe and have confidence in us. To assure him of 
this we must caress him on the head and neck, and talk softly to him ; then 
if you have something he is very fond of — by feeding him with it we gain 
his sympathy and confidence, nnd he will remember us and our kindness to 



34 



II A I<! D-B () K OF H0R8EM A N 8 H I J'. 



him. To us this is most reasonable. So long as he is treated kindly he will 
be kind and gentle himself to everyone handling him. If he should frighten 
at any new object, by speaking gently, " So ho, my boy ! " several times 
over, it assures him at once that he is safe. When your horses are har- 
nessed to the carriage, and they wish to start before you are ready, don't 
jerk them, or speak cross, but go to their heads and caress and sooth them, 
and, when you get in, draw the reins up carefully, and talk kindly to them, 
and allow them to walk off slowly; in a few days, with such treatment, 
your horses will be perfectly tractable and gentle. A full-blooded horse is 
as sensitive as a well-bred man, and you must not halloa to him as you might 
to a hog. This'you may not believe, but it is so. You must never use the 
whip, except when the horse knows Vidiat and how to do, and will not do it, 
or is lazy, and requires the lash to inci'ease the speed. Adhere to the prin- 
ciple of kindness, and you will not fail to have a well- trained family horse. 




Ladies' Equestrian Horsemanship. 

The saddlery for the use of the ladies is similar in principle to that 
devoted to gentleman's riding, with the exception that the bits and reins of 
the bridle are lighter and more ornamental, and the saddle furnished with 
crutches for side-riding; the reins are narrower than those used by gentle- 



// A N J)-B O (, K <) F IT U .s' K AiA N S 11 IP. 3 T) 



men, but otherwise the same. The saddle should be carefully fitted to the 
horse, and there should always be a third crutcli, the use of which will here- 
after be explained. There is an extra leather girth, which keeps the flaps 
of the saddle in their places. The stirrup may be either like a man's with 
a lining of leather or velvet, or it may be a slipper, which is safer, and also 
easier to the foot. Tlie lady's whip is a light affair, but, as her horse ought 
seldom to require punishment, it is carried more to threaten than to give 
punishment. A spur may be added for a lady's use ; it is sometimes need- 
ful for the purpose of giving a stimulus at_^the right moment. If used, it is 
buckled on to the boot, and a small opening is made in the habit, with a 
string attached to the inside, which is then tied around the ankle, and thus 
keeps the spur always projecting beyond the folds of the habit, A nose 
martingale is generally added for ornament ; but no horse which throws his 
head up is fit for a lady's u.'^e. The lady's horse ought to be a most perfect 
goer, instead of being, as it often is, a stupid brute, fit only for a dray. 

Many men think that any horse gifted with a neat outline will carry a 
lady ; but it is a great mistake ; and if the ladies themselves had the choice 
of horses, they would soon decide to the contrary. The only thing in their 
favor, in choosing a lady's horse, is that the weight to be carried is gener- 
ally light, and therefore a horse calculated to carry them is seldom fit to 
mount a man, because the weight of the male sex is generally so much 
above that of an equestrian lady. Few of this sex who ride are above one 
hundred and thirty pounds, and most are below that weight. But in point 
of soundness, action, mouth and temper, the lady's horse should be unim- 
peachable. A gentleman's horse may be good yet wholly unable to canter, 
and so formed that he cannot be taught; he, therefore, is unsuited to 
a lady ; but, on the other hand, every lady's horse should do all his paces 
well. Many ladies, it is true, never trot; but they should not be furnished 
with the excuse that they cannot because their horses will not. In size, the 
lady's horse should be about fifteen hands or from fourteen and a half to 
fifteen and a half; less than this allows tlie habit to trail in the dirt, and 
more, makes the horse too lofty and unwieldy for a lady's use. In breaking 
the lady's horse, if he is of good temper and fine mouth, little need be done 
to make him canter easily, and with the right leg foremost. This is necessary, 
because the other leg is uncomfortable to the rider from her side position on 
the saddle; the breaker, therefore, should adopt the means elsewhere 
described, and pert?evere until the horse is quite accustomed to the pace, and 
habitually starts off with the right leg. He should also bend him thor- 
oughly, so as to make him canter well on his hind legs, and not with the 
disturbed action which one so often sees. The curb must be used for this 
purpose, but without bearing too strongly upon it ; the horse must be 
brought to his paces by fine handling rather than by force, and by occa- 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 



sional pressure, which he will yield to and play with if allowed, rather than 
by a dead pulL In this way, by taking advantage of every inch yielded, 
and yet not going too f^r, the head is gradually brought in and the hind legs 
as gradually are thrust forward, so as instinctively to steady the mouth and 
prevent the pressure which is feared. When this '* sitting on the haunches " 
is accomplished, a horse-cloth may be strapped on the near side of the sad- 
dle, to accustom him to tlie ilapping of the habit; but I have always found 
in an ordinarily good-tempered horse, that if the paces and mouth were all 
perfect, the habit is sure to be borne. 

It is a kind of excuse which gentlemen are too apt to make, that their 
horses have never carried a lady ; but if they will carry a gentleman quietly, 
they will always carry a lady in the same style, though they may not per- 
haps be suitable to her seat or hand. The directions for holding the reins, 
and for their use, elsewhere given, apply equally well to ladies; the only 
difference being that the knee prevents the hand being lowered to the pom- 
mel of the saddle. This is one reason why the neck requires to be more 
bent for the gentleman's use, because, if it is straight, or at all ewe-necked, 
the hands being high raise the head into the air, and make the horse more 
of a " star-gazer " than he otherwise would be. Many ladies hold the reins 
as in driving. It is in some respects better, because it allows the hand 
to be lower than the gentleman's mode, and the ends of the reins fall better 
over the habit. In moimting, the horse is held .steadily, as for a gentleman's 
use, taking care to keep him well up to the place where the lady stands, 
from which he is very apt to slide away. The gentleman assistant then 
places his right hand on his right knee, or a little below it, and receives the 
lady's left foot. Previously to this she should Jiave taken the rein in her 
right hand, which is placed on the middle crutch ; then with her left on the 
gentleman's shoulder, and her foot in his hand, she makes a spring from the 
ground, and immediately stiffens her left leg, using his hand, steadied by his 
knee, as a second foundation for a spring ; and then she is easily lifted to her 
seat by the hand following and finishing her spring with what little force is 
required. As she rises, the hand still keeps hold of the crutch, which 
throws the body sideways on the saddle, and then slie lifts her right knee 
over the middle crutch. After this, she lifts herself up from the saddle, and 
the gentleman draws her habit from under her until smooth ; he then places 
her left foot in the stirrup, including with it a fold of her habit, and she is 
firmly seated, and should take her reins, and use them as directed for the 
gentleman. The great mistake which is constantly made in mounting is in 
the use of the lady's knee, which should be carefully straightened the 
moment it can be eifected ; for if kept bent it requires a great power to lift a 
lady into the saddle, whereas, with a gt>od spring and a straight knee, she 
ought to weigh but a few pounds ui tbe hand. 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 37 

The lady's seat is very commonly supposed to be a weak one, and to 
depend entirely upon balance, but this is the greatest possible mistake, and' 
there can be no doubt from what is seen in private, as well as in the circus, 
that it requires as great an effort of the liorse to dislodge a good female rider, 
as to produce the same effect upon a gentleman. Even with the old single 
crutch there was a good hold with the leg, but now that the third is added,- 
the grip is really a firm one. When this is not used the crutch is laid hold 
of by the right leg, and pinched between the calf of the leg and the thigh, 
so as to afford a firm and steady hold for the whole body, especially when 
aided by the stirrups. But this latter support merely preserves the balance, 
an4 is useful also in trotting ; it does not at ail give a firm, steady seat, 
though it adds to one already obtained by the knee. When two crutches are 
used the leg is brought back so far as to grasp the crutch as before, but 
between the two knees the two crutches are firmly laid hold of, the upper 
one being under the right knee, and the lower one above the left. The right 
knee hooked over the crutch keeps the body from slipping backwards, whilst 
the left keeps it from a forward motion, and thus the proper position is 
maintained. In all cases the right foot should be kept back, and the point 
of the toe should scarely be visible. These points should be carefully kept 
in view by all lady riders, and they should learn as soon as possible to steady 
themselves by this grasp of the crutches without reference to the stirrup-iron. 
In spite of her side-seat the body should be square to the front, with the 
elbow easily bent and preserved in its proper position by the same precau- 
tion. The whip is generally held in the right hand, with the lash pointing 
forward, and towards the left, and by this position it may be used on any 
part of the horse's body by reaching over to the left and cutting before or 
behind the saddle, or with great ease on the right side. Its use may there- 
fore, in all cases be substituted for the pressure of the leg in the description 
of the modes of effecting the change of leg, turning to the left or right, or 
leading with either leg. With this substitution, and with the caution 
against all violent attempts at coercion, which are better carried out by the 
fine hand and delicate tact of the lady, all the feats which man can perform 
may well be imitated by her. In dismounting, the horse is brought to a 
dead stop, and his head held by an assistant ; the lady then turns her knee 
back again from the position between the outside crutch, takes her foot out 
of the stirrup, and sits completely sideways ; she then puts her left hand on 
the gentleman's shoulder, who places his right arm around her waist, and 
lightly assists her to the ground. 



,J8 HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP, 



From tlie Press and Public. 

Read.— The letter from the original owner of the $100,000 famous 
Broncho Horses : 

Chicago, 111., Jan. 28, 1885. 
' To the Public: Having had the pleasure of witnessing Prof. 0. E. Glea- 
son's marvelous feats of horsemanship at Grenier's Madison Street Garden, 
in this city, and seeing him educate some very vicious horses, I consider him 
tho most expert horse educator I have seen for years. 

Truly yours, W. C. Coup. 

{The Chicago Tribune, Wedriesday, March 4, 1885.) 

Ak Expert Horseman. — Over 1,200 people assembled in Battery D last 
night to witness an exhibition of horsemanship as shown by Prof. 0. R. 
Gleason. The lloor of the large hall had been covered with sawdust, and at 
the east end stood a score or more of animals, each of which, it was alleged, 
was possessed of some vicious trait or bad habit. The horses were the 
property of dilferent residents of Chicago, and none of them, it was said, 
had ever been seen by the trainer before. 

A 'oay mare was led to the center of the floor, and her owner informed 
the professor that she was in the habit of shying violently at newspapers or 
other ligl.it objects which the wind might carry before her on the roadway. 
Under the trainer's care the mare soon understood that the objects of which 
she had stood in fear were harmless, and coolly walked over a quantity of 
large white sheets that had been thrown upon the sawdust. A vicious 
kicker was soon quieted into the gentlest submission. A brown horse 
belonging to a prominent lightning-rod firm was next led into the hall. 
The horse was a " run-away " and was declared unmanageable by its owners. 
At the expiration of ten minutes an open umbrella flourished about its , 
head did not disturb the perfect composure of the animal, and he did not 
raise a hoof from the lloor when the professor repeatedly fired a pistol from 
the animal's back. 

(From the Chester, Pa., Evening News.) 
After one week's sojourn in this city, during which time he has exhibited 
to large and intelligent audiences, Professor Gleason, the horse trainer and 
educator, closed his engagement here on Saturday night by an exhibition 
at Chester Park. As was expected, a large audience was there to greet 
him, and, although he was necessarily obliged to vary somewhat from the 
performance of handling several horses at the one time, he gave a very inter- 
esting and entertaining repetition of previous performances, and showed 
liow easy it was for him to prevent aJnorse from elevating his hind feet, as 
{^ome are ofiei^ v'ont to lU/. Two kickers were used to deraonsi-rate more 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 39 



clearly his mode and method of operation, one of which was the mustang of 
James Burke. Each animal was driven around the circuit several times, 
and means used to make them kick after his simple but effectual bridle had 
been applied and tried, but the animals evinced little inclination to do so. 
Before the exhibition closed Professor Gleasou took occasion to thank the 
audience for its patronage and courtesies shown him by the press and citi- 
zens of Chester during his short visit. During an interval in his remarks 
the professor was presented with a handsome gold-mounted carriage whip 
on behalf of the blacksmiths of Chester, as an expression of acknowledg- 
ment for the information and benefit they had derived by his coming. 
Mv. Gleason responded in an appropriate manner and thanked them for the 
gift, adding somewhat humorously that he had no expectation of coming to 
the Park to be whipped. Messrs. Thomas Watson and William Miller were 
chiefly instrumental in procuring the gift, and the movement was'heartily 
indorsed by all who have been benefited and entertained by his exhibition. 

(Buffalo Courier, Buffalo, N. F. , Saturday morning, November 22, 1884.) 

Subduing Vicious Horses. — An interesting exposition of some novel 
yet rational methods of subduing vicious animals was given at the Buffalo 
Roller Skating Rink last evening by Professor 0. R. Gleason, the noted horse 
trainer. A notoriously unruly steed, belonging to J. J. Sturman, whom 
some of the best horse trainers of the country have declared incorrigible, 
was made to exhibit a gentleness and docility which astonished the owner 
and all who knew the animal's disposition. 

(Evening Telegraph, Buffalo, Saturday, November 22, 1884.) 

Prof. 0. R. Gleason astonished a great many of our townspeople with a 
scientific performance of horsemanship at the Niagara Street Roller Rink 
last night. 

(From the Chicago Tribune, Sunday, March 1. 1885.) 

BONNER'S THOTTERS. 



A STRICT PRESBYTERIAN WHO HAS HALF A MILLION DOLLARS INVESTED 
m FAST HORSEFLESH— ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY THOUSAND PAID FOR 
FOUR ANIMALS TO BE DRIVEN ON THE ROAD- DRIVING TO IMPROVE HIS 
HEALTH— REMINISCENCES OF PEERLESS, LADY PALMER, DEXTER, AND 
OTHER FLYERS. 

Mr. Robert Bonner has paid more money for trotting horses than any 
other man in the world, his purchases of noted trotters footing up over 
$500,000, and of this amount about $300,000 was given for a score of ani- 
mals that had in their time attained national celebrity. He has owned in 
turn such horses as Pocahontas, The Auburn Horse, Dexter, Startle,/ Ed- 
ward Everett, Rarus and Edwin Forrest, and the last addition to his already 



40 HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 



long list of flyers was that peerless mare, Maud S., that has for the last four 
years maintained with ease her position as queen of the trotting turf. 

In personal appearance Mr. Bonner is a man who would attract attention 
anywhere. Of stout and rather short figure, his rotund body is surmounted 
by a head that requires for its covering a hat several sizes larger than that 
worn by an ordinary citizen, and he has the broad, bulging brow that is 
■always indicative of great mental power and activity. His complexion is a 
fresh, ruddy one, and his eyes bright and sparkling. When conversing 
with a visitor on the subject that interests him above all others — the trot- 
ting horse — he is the embodiment of mental and physical energy, talking 
with sustained rapidity and coherence for minutes at a time, and so ab- 
sorbed does be become in the matter under consideration that one who 
visits him at his residence on Fifty-eighth street in New York City of an 
evening, may expect to remain in the parlor or in his private room until the 
small hours of morning are at hand. He is apparently never tired of 
'• talking horse," and his words on the subject are those of a man whose 
knowledge extends even beyond that of the professional, for Mr. Bonner is, 
on many points connected with the horse, by far the best-posted man of his 
day, and one who listens to him cannot but obtain much valuable and in- 
teresting information not to be found outside the precincts of his ample and 
active memory. 

When a representative of this paper called on Mr. Bonner at the office of 
the journal of which he is the proprietor, the New York Ledger, not long 
ago and expressed a desire to see some of the horses that were owned by hini 
and learn something of the man who had invested half a dozen great for- 
tunes in fast horseflesh, and who, contrary to the example of most men who 
indulge in a fancy for high-priced equines, has never allowed one of them 
to compete for a purse or wager, he met with a cordial reception. An invi- 
tation to call at the Bonner residence the following evening was accepted. 
Seated in an ample parlor, Mr. Bonner entered at once and with enthusiasm 
into a conversation on the subject at hand. 

HIS FiaST HORSE. 

" It was a good many years ago," said Mr. Bonner, " that I began taking 
an interest in driving horses. In 1856 or thereabouts I had become run 
down from overwork. It had been a hard struggle for me to establish my 
paper, and by the time I had worked up from otFice boy in the Hartford 
Courant to the proprietorship of the journal which was making a good deal 
of money every year for me, I found that my efforts and struggles were 
likely to have been of no avail so far as I was personally concerned, because 
my health Avas anything but good. About that time my family physician,^ 
a man who was also a personal friend, and who took a friend's interest in 
me, began to caution me on the subject of my health. ' What is the use of 
all this success, Eobert,' he would say to me, ' if you are not going to live 



IIAND-BOOE OF HORSE M AN SH Tl\ 41 



to enjoy it?' One day he came into my office and said to me : 'I want 
your check for $375.' ' What for ?' I asked. ' It is to pay for a horse,' he 
said, ' that I have bought for you— a little bay mare that I think will make 
a good driver.' I had previously tried horseback riding, but found that the 
exercise was too violent for a man of my physique, and consequently took 
no pleasure in it. I had also driven some in former years, but at that time 
did not feel able to own a horse of my own, and was compelled to make use 
of such rigs as the ordinary livery stable could furnish. Of course the 
horses thus procured were of a rather ordinary class and their speed did not 
at all suit my notions of what driving should be in order to be enjoyed. But 
after buying the mare which my doctor had selected for me, I began enjoy- 
ing my daily drives, and they soon brought me in contact with Mr. John 
Harper, who was at that time the senior member of tlie firm of Harper & 
Bros., Commodore Vanderbilt, and other well-knoR^n New Yorkers. In 
1858 there came to New York a pair of horses that had taken first premium 
at the Springfield, Mass., Fair, and were considered to be about the equal of 
anything in their line on the road. They had trotted a mile in 3.58, which 
at that time was considered something wonderful in the way of a double- 
team performance. T bought this team, paying for them 12,000, and for a 
time it seemed as though the acme of my desires in the line of fast horse- 
flesh had been reached. But in those days, as now, there was constant im- 
provement in the speed of trotters, and when the summer of 1859 arrived I 
found that there were other teams the equal of mine. Then I bought Lan- 
tern and mate. They were a first-class pair. Lantern being a notably fast 
horse, but his mate was no match for him in point of speed, and of course 
this was a source of disappointment to me. 

FLATBUSH MAID AND LADY PALMER. 

" I paid for Lantern and mate $f),000, which was a long ways the most 
money that up to that time had been given for a pair of trotting horses, 
but finding that Lantern was so much the better of the two I began look- 
ing around for a suitable mate to him and finally found one in a mare 
called Flatbush Maid. I gave for her $2,500 and the horse that had been 
driven as a mate to Lantern. With Lantern and Flatbush Maid I found 
that there was nothing on the road capable of passing me when I desired to 
be in the lead, and before I had owned them a great wliile I drove tliem a 
half mile to what would now be considered a very heavy buggy in 1.13, 
which was looked upon as a perfectly marvelous performance, and I must 
say now that I find after owning so many noted liorses that Lantern and 
Flatbush Maid could draw me down the road about as fast as any team I 
have ever seen. Then I got a mare called Lady Palmer — and she was a 
good one. too. I harnessed her with Flatbush Maid, and the 13th of May, 
1862, drove them two miles over the old Fashion track in 5.01M, which was at 



42 nAND-BOOK OF HOR 8EMAN 8H TP. 



the rate of a mile in 2.30K, and when yon take into consideration the fact that 
they were hitched to a heavy buggy and that since then great improvements 
have been made in tracks and vehicles it will be seen that they would be a 
good pair even in these days, when no less than four horses have beaten the 
2.14 of Goldsmith Maid, and two of them have trotted in 2.10 or better. 
Before driving this mile with Flatbush Maid and Lady Palmer I had in- 
vited Commodore Vanderbilt to get into the stand and time them for me, 
and he appeared to be as much pleased as I was over the performance. I 
had previously driven them a mile in 2.27, and while they were doing it I 
kept my eyes on Lady Palmer all the time, because Flatbush Maid never 
needed any watching. She was an ideal pole mare, and would go along at 
her best rate for any distance that you asked her to, 

AN INHERITED TASTE. 

" How did I get my love for trotters?" said Mr. Bonner in reply to a 
question. " Well, I suppose it was inherited. My grandfather used to keep 
a pack of hounds, and was a famous rider across the country, and it is prob- 
ably the influence of the blood in my veins that comes from him that makes 
me like a fast horse, and that has always made it a pleasure for me to ride 
behind one and to ov/n the best that money can procure. I was born in the 
north of Ireland, although my parents were from Scotland, being Covenant- 
ers of the old school, and of conrse it seems strange that a man who was 
bred a Presbyterian of the strictest sort for generations] back should have 
such a fancy for f;xst horseflesh. But yon know I never allow my love for 
horses to interfere with what I consider to be my duties as a Christian and 
a good citizen. I do not believe in trotting horses for money. That is 
gambling, and I do not countenance gambling in any form, but I do believ^ 
that the man who breeds a fast horse and one that is a high type of the 
family is a public benefactor. We want the best horses we can get, just as 
we want the best cattle and the most improved forms of machinery, and 
there is, therefore, no reason v/h} any man who has a taste in that direction 
should not own fiist trotters as well as fine cattle or improved breeds of 
sheep. Everybody know^ that I buy trotting horses for my own personal 
pleasure and that they are never permitted to take part in public races or 
become the instruments of gambling in the hands of anybody." 

HOVi^ HE EOUGHT PEERLESS. 

" Peerless was one of the first famous trotters that you owned, Mr. Bon- 
ner," said the Trihune man. " How did you come to buy her ? " 

" It was in this way : In the fall of 1861 the country was very much ex- 
cited over the prospect of an approaching civil war. Peerless, who was a 
gray mare and one of the handsomest animals I ever saw, was owned by a 
firm of bankers in Baltimore, Johnson Bros. They wrote to me one day 
that they had in Peerless the fastest mare in the country. Hiram WoodruflF, 



BAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 43 



who was then the foremost trainer and driver of trotters in the land, was 
developing Peerless at his place on Long Island. Johnson Bros, had said 
to me in their letter that Woodruff wonld tell rne all about Peerless, and 
consequently I went to him and asked him how fast she was. He laughed and 
shook his head, thereby indicating tliat he was not at liberty even if so disposed 
to reveal the secrets of those who had intrusted horses to his care. Then 
I showed him the letter. ' Now I can tel! you,' he said. ' They had told 
me that she had trotted a mile to wagon in 2.30.' Hiram said that it had 
been done in 2.28, but that a friend of his to whom he had delegated the 
work of informing the owners of the mare's progress had given it to them 
as 2.30, knowing that they would soon be on to see her go a trial, and he 
wanted to be sure that they v/ould not be disappointed, as he was confident 
that she would trot a mile close to 2.25, pulling a wagon. In those days 
2.30 to wagon was a great performance, and as Peerless was a young mare 
and perfectly sound her value was thereby greatly enhanced. But I 
wanted to see something myself, and so the 30th of November, and over a 
track that was the worst I ever saw on which to trot a horse, had Hiram 
drive Peerless a half mile for me in 1.13. The price set on her was 15,500, 
and I took her at once, feeling confident that I had secured a first-class 
animal for a comparatively small sum." 

" Did you go to many races in those days ?" 

'' No, very few. The first trot I ever savt' was the 19t:h of October, 185?. 
It took place on the Union Course. Long Island, and the contestants were 
Lady Woodward and Miller's Damsel. I remember that in those days I 
had no split-second watch, and undertook to time the horses with a common 
one I owned. A couple of friends stood on either side of me, and I toJd 
them not to say how fast the miles were until I had seen what my watch 
indicated. The time of the^ race was 2.29, 2.2y>4, and I made both miles 
2.29, which showed that the old watch was a pretty good one." 

A $40,000 MARE. 

" In 1866 I bought Pocahontas. She v/as out of the celebrated pacing 
mare Pocahontas that was far and away the best pacer of her time, and to 
show how good she really was it is only necessary to say that in one of her 
races she pulled a heavy wagon a mile in 2.17:^, and that for the last two 
years of her turf career it was simply out of the question to get any races 
for her, so convinced were the owners of other trotters and pacers that she 
had them completely at her mercy. This mare Pocahontas that I bought 
was the old pacer's first colt, and was a trotter of remarkable speed. I had 
begun wearing out a good many horses by this time, and among the ones I 
had disposed of was Lady Woodward, one of the horses that took part in the 
race alluded to, and which was the first one I ever saw. I had paid $3,000 
for her, and during the war presented her to the Sanitary Fair, where she 
was sold at auction, realizing $2,000. For Pocahontas I paid $40,000 and 



44 HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 



gave another horse as 'boot,' and this is as much money as has ever been 
paid for a trotter. Then came The Auburn Horse. He was very fast and 
could outbrush Lady Thorne, a mare that had beaten Dexter in a good 
many races and from whom Goldsmith Maid was never able to win even a 
single heat in the eight or ten races that they trotted together. For The 
Auburn Horse I paid $13,000, but, unfortunately, I was never able to see 
him show his best speed. Hiram WoodruflF handled him for me, and one 
day late in the fall of 1866 I went over to Long Island for the purpose of 
giving him a trial, but on my arrival Hiram said to me: ' Mr. Bonner, I am 
a cripple,' by which he meant that the horse was lame. I saw that the dif- 
ficulty lay in the defective shoeing to which he had been subjected; by lev- 
eling his foot, however, I had him all right in a couple of days ; but before 
we could give him a trial winter came on, and before the suow went away 
Hiram WoodruiT was dead. 

THE PURCHASE OF DEXTER. 

"It was in 1867 that I purchased Dexter. You will remember that he 
had previously been driven by Hiram Woodruff, but in the summer of 1866 
was purchased by a couple of men who placed him in Budd Doble's hands. 
At that time Flora Temple's record of 8.19| was the best that had ever 
been made by a horse driven in harness, but a good many people were con- 
fident that Dexter could lower it considerably. He had trotted against 
Ethan Allen and running mate early in the summer of 1867 and had been 
beaten, the team doing one of their miles in 2.15, but Mr. George Alley had 
told me long before this that Dexter could trot in 2.18 any day. That 
somewhat surprised me, and I took Mr. Shepard Knapp aside one day and 
said to him : ' If Dexter beats Flora Temple's record at Buffalo I want to 
buy him.' ' How high will you go ? ' he said. ' Forty thousand dollars,' I 
replied. This was before Ethan Allen and his running mate had beaten 
Dexter, and after that performance Mr. Knapp said nothings as he probably 
concluded that I did not care about owning a beaten horse. A few days 
after the race alluded to a man named Ca,vanaugh came to me to sell me a 
mare. I said to him : ' There is only one horse that I want, and he belongs 
to a friend of yours.' He knew that I meant Dexter, and said that there 
had been some talk among a party of sporting men about buying him for 
$30,000, and that they had made a sort of an arrangement with August 
Belmont to advance half the purchase money. I said I would give $35,000 
for him, and then Cavanaugh said to me: 'If I can get him for $33,000 
will you give me the other $2,000? ' I replied that I would. Shortly after 
this he brought Fawcett, one of the owners of Dexter, to see me about the 
matter. Fawcett said that he could not sell Dexter until he had tilled the 
engagements made for the horse to trot at Boston, Buffalo, and Chicago. 
' When can you deliver him in my stable ? ' I said. ' The 10th of Septem-. 
ber,' he replied. ' All I want,' I said, 'is for him to wipe out Flora Temple's 



UAND-BOOK OF UORS E M A N SH IF. 45 



tinie.' ' He will do that to-morrow,' replied Fawcett, and the next day 
Dexter trotted in 2.19 at Boston over a half-mile track, being the first time 
that 3.19f had been beaten in harness. This was the 29th of July, and 
after the Boston performance I wrote a contract for the sale of the horse to 
me, and paid 81,000 to bind the bargain." 

"And by the way," continued Mr. Bonner, " that fact has often been 
discussed by friends of mine and people who know that I claim never to 
have trotted a horse for money. Their argument is that inasmuch as I had 
made the contract for the purchase of Dexter, and paid $1,000 of the agreed 
price, I was legally his owner, and that therefore when he trotted at Buffalo 
and other places for money before being delivered to me he was in reality my 
horse, and that it was not true that I had never trotted any of my horses 
for a purse or wager. Of course the argument is a fallacious one, and if it 
would hold good a great many men would be mixed up with transactions of 
which they do not at all approve. For instance, when I bought the lot on 
which the Ledger Building now stands there were upon it some small build- 
ings which could not be removed until a certain time, as the occupants had 
ground-leases which had not expired. One of these establishments was a 
lottery shop, and although I was entitled to the rent from that building I 
told my bookkeeper that I did not want that kind of money, and had him 
take it and give a good supper to some newsboys. 

" When Dexter trotted at Buffalo in 2.17^ I desired to have it announced 
that I had purchased him, and told Fawcett of my wish. He seemed averse 
to doing it, and when I pressed him for his reason he said that perhaps I 
had some enemies, and that if they knew I owned the horse they would in- 
jure him in some way, in which case the loss would fall on Fawcett. 'Is 
that your only objection ?' I said. He replied that it was. ' Then,' said I, 
* you deliver Dexter to me, dead or alive, at my barn the 10th of September 
— walk him in or drag in his carcass — and you will get your $35,000.' The 
horse came to the barn alive as everybody knows, and he is out there alive 
and frisky to-day, as you will see when you go to look at him. 

A TWENTT-THOUSAND-DOLLAK COLT. 

" Startle is one of the fastest horses I ever owned. He was bred by Mr. 
Charles Backman of this state, and has two of the crosses of blood that are 
esteemed most valuable in trotters — those of Rysdyk's Hambletonian and 
American Star. When he was only a week old my brother offered a thou- 
sand dollars for him. Mr. Backman wanted about four times that sum, 
consequently the trade was not made. When he was just three years old. 
Startle was sent to Carl Burr's training-track at Comae, L. I., and a month 
later a party of New York gentlemen went down to see him, among them 
being my brother David. The colt was for sale then at l+,000, and David 
said to one of his faiends : ' Let's put in a thousand apiece and buy him.' 
Mr. George Alley, the man who originally owned Dexter, and who was in 



46 HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 

the company, said nothing, but shpped quietly off and bought Startle at the 
price named. The others didn't like that very much, but as the transaction 
was a perfectly legitimate one they swallowed their disappointment with 
the best grace possible. Mr. Alley returned to New York and offered to 
back Startle in a match against any 3-year-old in the country for 12,500 a 
side in a race of mile heats. Rowe, one of the owners of Ethan Allen, ac- 
cepted this challenge on behalf of a colt called Lothair, and the race was 
trotted on the 1st day of September, 1870, over the Fleetwood Park track, 
which was at that time a very slow one. Startle distanced Lothair in the 
first heat, trotting the m.ile in 2.36. I sat in the stand with a party of 
friends, and when Startle passed under the wire I asked them to excuse me 
for a few minutes and went off in considerable of a hurry to see Mr. Alley. 
He was just entering the club-house with some companions for the purpose 
of celebrating the victory of his colt in the customary manner, and I thought 
that it would be easier to get a price on Startle then than after a few bottles 
of wine had been opened. So I called him one side, and taking one of his 
hands in mine and putting my other one on his shoulder, I said to him : 
'What will you take for Startle ?' 'Twenty thousand dollars,' replied Mr. 
Alley. ' He is mine,' I said, and gave his hand such a jerk that Alley often 
said afterwards that I bought Startle and dislocated his arm at the same 
time." 

A FAMILY OF REINSMEN^. 

"Yes," continued Mr. .Bonner, in answer to a question, " I have my own 
ideas about all matters in which I am interested, and endeavor to carry them 
out. I never ride Sunday and never allow my horses to be driven that day. 
I like to see horses trot as well as anybody, and on my farm near Tarrytown 
I have a three-quarter-mile track on which the animals owned by me are 
trained and developed. My brother David likes to drive a horse fast, and 
my boys are enthusiastic and capable reinsmen. My son Fred has driven 
Lucy Cuyler a mile to wagon in 2.15^, which is faster than a horse was 
ever driven to wagon by a professional driver, and he has also driven the 
same mare a half-mile over the Fleetwood Park track in the presence of 
hundreds of people in 1.05." 

'• Then Lucy Cuyler must be about as fast an animal as there is in the 
country ?" 

MILLIONAIRES BLUFFING. 

" I think so. Of course she cannot go a mile as fast as Maud S. or some 
others that I own, but for actual speed I doubt if there is her superior any- 
where. She is also a Hambletonian, being a daughter of Cuyler, a horse 
that is owned by Mr. J. C. McFerran of Louisville, Ky. ; and speaking of 
him reminds me of how I came to pay $4,000 for Halcyon, a 3-year-old that 
was formerly owned by McFerran and sold by him at auction three years 
ago. Mr. McFerran had spoken very kindly of me when I had my sale of 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 47 



trotters in 1877, and had said that every breeder in Kentucky owed it to me 
to attend the sale ; and so when he was to have a sale I went to Kentucky 
in order to repay him if possible for his kindness. Among the other men 
who were present was Mr. 0. J.Hamlin of Buflfalo, N. Y., and he took 
a great fancy to Halcyon. I had intended buying this filly, as her breeding 
and appearance suited me exactly, and Mr. Hamlin knew of this. We had 
a pretty spirited time between us, and when the bids ran up in the thou- 
sands for a filly that nobody supposed would bring over seven or eight hun- 
dred dollars, the people began to open their eyes a little. I finally got her 
at $4,000, and that evening when Mr. Hamlin met me and laughingly 
asked how far I would have gone, I said that about $20,000 would have 
been my limit. 

THE "fraud" editor's TROTTER. 

*' That was the only auction sale I ever attended, except one at which a 
horse called Keene Jim that belonged to Mr. Charles A. Dana, editor of 
the New York Su7i, was to be sold. A few days before my auction sale in 
1877 Mr. Dana had asked my brother David if there was anything to be of- 
fered that would suit him. Mr. Dana's residence is on Long Island, and 
after reaching there by steamboat he has quite a drive to his house, and he 
wanted something that would go fast enough so that he would not have to 
take other peoples' dust on the way from the wharf to his residence. My 
brother told Mr. Dana that there would be nothing offered at my sale fast 
enough for him, unless it was Keene Jim, and that he was a horse that 
would likely not suit Mr. Dana to drive on the road. Anyway, Mr. Dana 
came to the sale and bought Keene Jim for $4,000. Of course he did not 
drive him," said Mr. Bonner, with a merry twinkle in his eyes, '' but as 
soon as his son Paul returned from Europe the horse was turned over to 
him and given to Johnny Murphy to train and drive. He won a good race 
for Mr. Dana, getting a record of 2.19M, and when he was,. put u^) at auction 
again I determined that Mr. Dana should not lose any money on him, and 
so went to the sale and made one bid of $4,000, which was just what the 
horse had sold for at my sale. I got him again, and last summer he trotted 
a mile for me in 2.14/^, so that I have had no reason to repent of my bar- 
gain." 

'*I suppose," said the Tribune man, "that you drive or have driven all 
your noted horses yourself ?" 

"0, yes," replied Mr. Bonner^ "that is what I buy them for." 

DRIVIKG DEXTER AND RARUS. 

" Was Dexter a hard horse to drive ? He used to be considered a handful 
for a professional reinsman when he was on the track." 

" So he was. After I had bought him Budd Doble said that Dexter 
would be back in his stable in three weeks; that nobody could drive him on 
the road. But I did drive him. Of course he was not a pleasant horse to 



48 // A V ii-B n (> K >:> F U U R, 8 E M A N S J 1 1 P. 



drive at first because he always wanted t,o go along with a rush, and if you 
attempted to lessen his speed he would pull and lug on the bit in a very un- 
pleasant manner. And then he was a horse of great courage and high 
speed. When I got him I put what is known as the HoflFman line on him, 
and was enabled thereby to control him, and in addition to this we gave 
him a few lessons at the hands of a professional breaker, who threw him 
down several times and made him understand fully that man was his mas- 
ter — made him learn to obey when he was told to stop or go ahead. And 
he learned it, too, because only a short time after we had completed his edu- 
cation in this respect 1 was driving him one day with a young lady in a 
buggy when I accidentally ran into the rear wheel of a milk wagon with 
one of the forward wheels of my buggy. I said ' whoa ' to Dexter, and he 
stopped as if he had been shot. He has never been what I v/ould call a 
really pleasant horse on the road, but I have never had any trouble in driv- 
ing him since I owned him." 

" Have you driven Rarus much ?" 

" Yes, and he is a great horse on the road when hitched with another 
animal. I have driven him a good deal with Pickard, whose record is 2.163^, 
and one day, early last spring, I gave them a mile over the Fleetwood Park 
track in 3.23 on a day when the course was heavy with mud and I had 
another man in the wagon with me. We were both covered with mud at 
the finislj of the performance, but that fact didn't lessen our enjoyment of 
the ride any when we learned how fast it was. " 

" Can you give me some idea, Mr. Bonner, of the amount of money that 
you have paid for some of the more notable horses that have been from time 
to time purchased by you ? " 

" In a general way I could, but of course there are a great number of 
horses on my farm, that I have owned at different times, of which I have no 
remembrance at present, and the aggregate amount paid for them would be 
a large sura. Bat taking the prominent ones as I remember them they are 
as follows, giving them about in the order in which they were purchased :" 

Boston team I 2,000 Elsie Venner ,..,..,$ 2,000 

Lantern and mate 9,000 Edwin Forrest 16,000 

Fiatbush Maid 2,500 Joe Elliott 10,000 

Peerless 5,500 Maud Macey 10,000 

Lady Woodruff 3,000 Tavlor 3,500 

Pocahontas 40,000 Ceiitennial 3,000 

Auburn Horse 13,000 Pickard 6.000 

Dexter 35.000 Rarus .,. 36,000 

Startle 30,000 Maud S 40,000 

Edward Everett 20.000 Daisy D 4.000 

Wellesley Boy 12,000 Halcyon 4,000 

Music 8,500 Day Break. 3,000 

Grafton.... 15,000 Nutbourne. 7,000 

May Bird. 9,000 Escort 3,000 

Molsey .' 6,000 Lucy Ouyler 3.000 

Diek Jameson ■ • ... 11,000 Walton ., 3,000 

Convoy . . 4,000 — 

Fiussella -. • . 8.000 Total S?>'?T,(iOO 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP 49 



TROTTING FASTER THAK THEIR RECORDS, 

'* There are a good many horses in this list that have not made many 
public performances, are there not ? " 

" Yes. Startle, for instance, trotted in 2.19M over the Fleetwood Park 
track when he was five years old, and that was wonderful for a track that 
was much slower than it is now. He afterwards trotted a mile in 2.15 and 
a fraction, and since being placed in the stud has sired Majolica, a horse that 
made 3.17 in the first race that he ever started in, and that has shown his 
ability to trot close to a two-minute gait. Majolica was one of the horses 
that were disposed of at my public sale, and he was purchased then for a 
few hundred dollars. Edwin Forrest was on the turf only a short time, and 
his recored of 3.18 is no measure of his speed, as he wa§ driven a public mile 
o-v er the Hartford track in 3.1 4M- Nutbourne, that I paid $7,000 for, is a very 
highly-bred young horse, being by Belmont, a noted sire, and out of the 
dam of Maud S., so that you will see that he ought to trot fast, and indeed 
we drove him a mile last year in 3.37, although he is still a young horse. 
Pickard's record is 3.18M, but he has trotted a public mile better than 3.17, 
and Russella is a full sister to Maud S." 

HOW MAUD S. WAS PURCHASED. 

*' How did you come to buy Maud 8., Mr. Bonner ? " 

" It was in this way: Last July Mr. Turubull, who is an old friend of 
mine, and who is intimately acquainted with Mr. Vanderbilt, came to my 
office and told me in a few words that Mr. VandeTbilt had been importuned 
to sell Maud S. by various parties, and had been offered by one man $100,000 
for her, but that he was not disposed to transfer her to any one who would 
trot her in public races. The man who made the offer of $100,000 was Mr. 
George N. Stone of Cincinnati, from whom the mare was purchased for 
$31,000 by Mr. Vanderbilt when she was four years old, and who after that 
time had the management of her so long as she remained Mr. Vanderbilt's 
property and was not in his private stable. Of course I was very much 
surprised that Mr. Vanderbilt desired to part with Maud S. at any price, but 
after the reason which induced him to do so had been given me, which was 
that he was tired of ; being importuned to match her against other horses, I 
felt that he had paid me a great compliment in offering the mare to me, 
especially as Mr. Turnbull told me that Mr. Vanderbilt had instructed him 
to say that I could have the mare at my own price. I asked him what he 
meant by my own price, and he said that it meant the same price that I had 
paid for another horse, or thereabouts, meaning Rarus. It Avas then agreed 
that in case I wanted the mare, which of course I did, she was to become 
my property on payment of $40,000, and I sent my brother David to Sara- 
toga to conclude the negotiations with Mr. Vanderbilt. They were very 
soon over, as you know, and the mare was transferred to my stable. Of 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 



course I am proud of owning her, believing, as I do, that she is the fastest 
trotter the world has ever seen, and the result of her efforts last season prove 
tliis in a most convincing manner, as she trotted a mile late in the fall in 
2.09M, and this was done after the elasticity of the track had been taken 
away by a severe frost, and after her coat had become long and she war. in a 
measure unlit to display her greatest speed. 

vanderbilt's opinion of maud s. 

" When Maud S. came to my stable Mr. Vanderbilt sent with her the 

colored groom, Grant, that has taken care of her for so many years, and Mr. 

Phelps, the superintendent of his stable, saying that I could have one or 

both of them as I desired. I have kept the groom, as he is a faithful fellow 

and entirely devoted to the mare. That Mr. Vanderbilt believed Maud S. 

to be the greatest trotter in the world, and that he was pleased with the 

progress which was made by her under my hands, is shown by the following 

note : 

New York, Sept. 18. ' 

My Dear Mr. Bonner : Your note, inclosing tliose of Mr. Bair, wliicL I return here- 
with, came duly to hand this morning. 

I am much obliged to you, uud am delighted that Maud is doing so nicely with you. 

I have no reason to alter my mind concerning her, which is that if the time ever 
comes for her to appear with any other horse. Jay -Eye-See or anything else, independent 
of the watch, she will make the other horses, for any distance, 100 yards or five miles, 
appear ridiculoiis. 

You have in your stables the means of testing this. Your son Fred thinks Lucy 
Cuyler can beat the world, her distance. Put them together, Bair driving Maud, and 
you will sei^ at once that when Maad meets another horse near her match, 'tis then you 
will see her superiority. 

1 am delighted that you are pleased with her, long may you enjoy her. 

Very truly yours, Wm. H. Vanderbilt. 

SHE WILL TROT THIS YEAR. 

" Will Maud S. be allowed to trot in public next summer ? " 
"You may say that slie will, although the exact number of times has not 
been decided u})on. She is now in Cincinnati under the care of Bair, who 
has driven her in all her races and exhibitions, and will shortly be taken to 
I'hiladelpliia and given preparatory jogging for the season of 1885. Thus 
far I have determined upon nothing regarding her except tJuit, should 
everytiiing go well, she will appear at the meeting in Cleveland, 0., which 
takes place some time in August, and will there be driven a mile at top 
speed. Of course we hope to lower her present record of 2.09K- It has 
been a secret, and a well-guarded one, that for the last five years Maud S. 
has been lame, and was lame v/hen she came into my possession. Improper 
shoeing caused this difficulty. Of course I was aware that she had been 
troubled some with lameness, and I want to say here that Mr. Vanderbilt 
was particular that every known fact in regard to the mare and her condi- 
tion should be fully communicated to me before I had taken her. But I 
knew that the lameness and weakness was one that could be remedied by a 
proper leveling of her feet, and that much good was done during the short 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 51 

time that I owned her before she trotted at Lexington is shown by the fact 
that she went faster there than ever before, and finished the mile with 
greater resolution than had been her custom. She is now as sound as a 
new-milled dollar, and while I do not want to make any rash predictions, I 
am still, I think, justified in saying that should no accident befall Maud S. 
she will trot next season faster than she has ever gone before." 

DEXTER IN" HIS STALL. 

Mr. Bonner's down-town stable, the one in which he keeps the horses that 
are used in his daily driving, is situated on a lot directly in the rear of his 
residence, and, by being placed in the center of the ground inclosed, a good 
walk around the building for the horses is thereby secured. The building 
is. a plain, substantial one of brick, and while there is not the slightest 
attempt at ornamentation or fancy work of any kind, there is every facility 
for taking care of the horses in a comfortable and expeditious manner. Six 
or seven large box-stalls have been built on each side of the stable, and 
between them is a wide passageway. The first stall on the left is occupied 
by Dexter, and although the brown son of Rysdyk's Hambletonian is now 
twenty-seven years old he retains to a remarkable degree the apj^earance and 
vigor of youth. Of course there are certain marks of age which are inevita- 
ble, but in the motions of the horse that was once undisputed monarch of 
the trotting turf there is nothing to remind one of the fact that he has long 
since passed the age at which horses ordinarily bred and that have had only 
ordinary care bestowed upon them generally die. His big, wicked eyes are 
as bright as ever, and as Mr. Bonner opened the door of the stable 
Dexter moved about with a quick, gliding motion like that of a panther, 
and when his owner held out to him a carrot he grabbec^ it and at once 
retired to the corner of the stall in which his feed-box is situated. It is now 
more than twenty years since Hiram Woodruff brought out Dexter for his 
first race. He was then a horse of riotous disposition — that by many would 
be called vicious — and time has made no improvement in his temper. The 
presence in his stall of a stranger is not at all relished by him, and if the 
man dares to wear a hat he is certain to be attacked, as Dexter has a parti- 
cular antipathy to headgear of every description. Unlike most trotters 
Dexter never seems to have made frie nds with man or beast. Peter Conover, 
who took care of him in the days when he was owned by Mr. Alley, and 
after he had passed from that gentleman's hands and was driven by Budd 
Doble, got along better with him than any one else, but even Peter wis 
always on his guard when working about the horse. Of late years Dexter 
has not been driven much, being walked a sufficient distance daily to keep 
him in vigorous, health, and as he has always been a bundle of nerves and 
muscles it is entirely within the probabilities that he will live to an extra- 
ordinary age among horses, and that the visitor at Mr. Bonner's stable ten 
years from now may see him strong and lusty. 



52 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 



RARUS AND HIS CANINE FRIEND. 

After Dexter had been inspected and some conversatiou regarding him 
indulged in, Rarus was brought out, and as the famous gelding that was 
the first to beat Goldsmith Maid's record of 2.14 came from his stall to the 
barn-iioor a loud barking announced the fact that " Jimmy," his faithful 
canine friend and companion for so many years, was still with him. Stand- 
ing on the horse's back "Jimmy" barked vigorously all the time that the 
pair were on dress-parade, and the scene reminded one of the days when 
Rarus was trotting in public before tens of thousands of people and the dog 
was nearly as much of an attraction as the horse," 

The other horses in the stable were Pickard, that has trotted a mile in 
2.1GM, and that is used as a mate to Rarus, and Leesburg, a young stallion 
of whom great things are expected, "I generally have a good many of my 
horses jogged during the winter/' said Mr, Bonner, ''but this year I have 
adopted the plan of taking off their shoes and letting them run out at the 
farm, which is why you see so few of the horses." 

" You have a good many horses altogether, Mr. Bonner ? " 

" Yes, but not so many as I used to have before I had made any sales. I 
have always tried to have the fastest trotters in the country, and although 
I have spent a good deal of money in my efforts to do this, I want to say 
that there has never been a time when I was more willing to pay a long 
price for the best trotter than at the present day." ^^?lA 

m 




^ jWJh^ j" 



A Perfect Horse 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP, 53 



Mr. Hamlin's Ideas on Breeding. 

My great aim in breeding is to combine speed with size, soundness, style 
and elegance of form. In the pursuit of this object, I have weeded from 
the list the mares which have not produced foals up to the standard, and 
stallions have been selected with the greatest care. 

Hamlin's Alraont, Jr., and Mambrino King, according to the critical 
judgment of the country, are horses of the very highest type. Their linei 
are symmetrical, their balance perfect, and their movement bold and fric- 
tionless. They also represent families which have won renown in the battles 
of the turf. The trotting propensity is strong in them ; the welding of 
strains which have been tested in harness, has confirmed this .propensity ; 
they trot themselves, and we know by actual results that they have the power 
to transmit speed at the trotting gait. 

The other stallions in use are not so well known to the country at large, 
but they possess high forms, and the blood of winners flows in their veins. 
Their fame is certain to grow. In the selection of male progenitors, it will 
be <jbserved that no really great family has been overlooked. 

The Brood Mares cover every branch of the explored field. Every line of 
demonstrated worth has been given a place in the collection. As I wish to 
stamp out instead of to perpetuate infirmities, no mare has been purchased 
or retained, regardless of fashionable breeding, which has a blemish of a 
constitutional character. I believe that the Brood Mare is an important 
factor in the problem of reproduction, and so I have given as much thought 
to her selection as to that of the Stallion. 

I do not see how I can fail, by grafting the best qualities of one family 
u]ion the best qualities of another family, to produce a superior breed of 
horses. I believe in giving to the ft*al the capacity to trot young, but I am 
opposed to the abuse of this capacity. I shall not, as a rule, impose a strain 
upon the colts which the joints and ligaments are in no condition to sustain, 
therefore few reports of fast trials of yearlings and two-year-olds will go out 
from Village Farm. The man who waits upon a colt until it matures, will 
have the satisfaction of owning an animal able to stand the wear and tear of 
the road and track. Truly yours, 

C. J. HAMLIN, 

Buffalo, -N". Y. 

















in ^ 
^ i 

m 
t — 1 " 

^ , in 



HAND-BOOK OF IIOBSEM AN SniT. 55 



Mambrino King 

(Sire of Amy King, 2.28M.) 

Dark or burnt chestnut stallion. Foaled 1872, Bred by Dr. L. Heir, 
Lexington, Ky. Sired by Mambrino Patchen, brother of Lady Thorne, 2,18M 
— 1st dam by Alexander's Edwin Forrest — 2d dam by Birmingham — 3d dam 
by Bertrand, by Stockholder, by Sir Archy — 4th dam by Sumpter, by Sir 
Archy, by imp. Diomed — 5th dam by imp. Buzzard. 

Mambrino Patchen by Mambrino Chief — 1st dam Lady Thome's dam by 
Gano — 2d dam by a son of Sir William, he by Sir Archy, out of Bellona by 
Bellair, by imp. Medley. 

Gano by American Eclipse — dam Betsey Richards by Sir Archy, by imp. 
Diomed. 

American Eclipse by Duroc, by imp. Diomed — 1st dam Miller's Damsel 
by imp. Messenger — 2d dam Constable's imp. mare by Pot-8-os, son of the 
famous English Eclipse. 

Alexander's Edwin Forrest (sire of Billy Hoskins, 2.263i, and Cham- 
pagne,2.30) by Bay Kentucky Hunter — 1st dam by Watkin's Young High- 
lander — 2d dam by Duroc — 3d dam by imp. Messenger. 

Mambrino Chief by Mambrino Paymaster, by Mambrino, thoroughbred 
son of imp. Messenger — dam a large brown mare brought from the West to 
Dutchess Coiinty N. Y., and of unknown blood. 

MAMBRINO CHIEF, sire of 

Bay Henry 2.28i< Lady Thorne 2.181£ North Star Mambrino. 2.2Gi| 

Brignoli 2.293^ Mambrino Star 2.28i^ Woodford Mambrino . 2.213| 

Sire of the Dams of 

Administrator 2.29i.< Ella Clay. . '. 2.27>^ Indianapolis 2.21 

Allie West 2.25' "^ Hambrino 2.211^ Mattie Graham 2.21i^ 

Director 2.17 Hambrino Belle 2.25^^ Piedmont 2.I714; 

Onward 2.2534; McCurdy's Hamble- Rose Medium 3.26i| 

Thorndale 2.22,14 tonian 2.26i^ Voltaire 2.21 

MAMBRINO PATCHEN, Sire of 

Jessie Dixon 2.27 London 2.20^^ Mambrino Kate 2.24 

Jewess 2.26 Mambrino Boy 2M% Kitty Silver 2.27^ 

Katie Middleton 2.23 Mambrino Diamond .2.30 Mistletoe 2.30 

Lady Stout (3 yrs.). . . . 2.29 George 2.24)^ Banker 2.29^ 

Also of the Dams of 

Alcantara 2.23 Cleora 2.18^ Rosa Wilkes 2.I8I4 

Mambrino King stands 15.3 hands, and he is universally conceded to be 
what the French Commissioners pronounced him: "The handsomest 
horse in the world." He combines strength, intelligence, courage, faultless 
action and good breeding with symmetry and style. His second dam was 
the dam of Fisk's Mambrino Chief, a horse that sold for $12,000. His legs 
are stoutly corded and free from blemish, and his feet are entirely sound. 
He has no imperfections to transmit, and, judging him by his stud fruits, 
he has the power to stamp or^ defects in the dam. 






^%- 




la 

CNl 

C5^ 





m''M->t&i 



HAND-BOOK OF IIO RSE MANSHIP. 



57 



Hamlin's Almont, Jr. 

Bay stallion. Foaled 1872 Eecord, 2.26 ; four-year-old record, 2.33M. 
Sire of Belle Hamlin, five-year-old record, 2.2334 ; Mand T, five-year-old 
record, 2.26 ; Aileene Almont, 2.27K; Justina, five-year-old record, 2.28K; 
Wade Hampton, 2.31M ; Huon, four- year-old record, 2.42M; public trial, 
2.31M ; Gem, 2.47J^ ; Blaine, three-year-old record, 2.55 ; public trial, 
2. 3934. Sired by Almont — 1st dam by Blood's Black Hawk — 2d dam by 
Boner's Saxe-Weimer, by Saxe-Weimer, by Sir Archy, by imp. Diomed. 

Blood's Black Hawk was the sire of the dams of Blackwood, Jr., 2.22>^ 
and Van Arnim, 2.1934. 

Almont by Alexander's Abdallah (sire of Goldsmith Maid, 2. 14, Rosalind, 
2.21%, Thorndale, 2.223^, Mercer, 3.23J;^, Major Edsall, 2.29, and St. Elmo, 
2.30) — 1st dam Sally Anderson by Mambrino Chief — 2d dam Kate by Pilot, 
Jr. (sire of John Morgan, 2.24, Pilot Temple, 2.243^, Tattler, 2.2G, Tackey, 
2.26, Queen of the West, 2.263€, Gen. Sherman, 2.28%, Pilot, 2.28^, Dixie, 
2.30, and sire of the dams of Maud S., 2.093^, Nutwood, 2.18%, Jay-Eye- 
See, 2.10, Cora Belmont, 2.243^, Noontide, 2.2034, Mambrino Gift, 2.20; 
Scotland, 2.223^, Hylas, 2.243^, Blanche Amory, 2.26, Naiad Queen, 2.2734, 
Billy Hoskins, 2.2634, Mambrino Pilot, 2.273^, Dacia, 2.293^, and, George A. 
Ayer, 2.30) — 3d dam the Pope mare, believed to be thoroughbred. 

Alexander's Abdallah by Eysdyk's Hambletonian — dam Katy Darling, a 
fast trotting mare of unknown blood, but thought to be by a son of Andrew 
Jackson. 

Eysdyk's Hambletonian by Abdallah, son of thoroughbred Mambrino, by 
imp. Messenger — 1st dam Charles Kent Mare by imp, Bellfounder^2d dam 
One Eye by Bishop's Hambletonian, by imp. Messenger — 3d dam Silvertail 
by imp. Messenger. 

ALMONT, Sire of 

Aldine 2.193^ 

Alice West 2.26 



AllieWest 2.25 

Almont, Jr. (Hamlin's),2.26 
Almont, Jr. (Bostick's),2.29 

Alta 2.2334 

Almonarch 2.24^ 

Annie S 2.26^ 



Clermont 2.80 

Dolly Davis 2.29 

Early Rose 2.203^ 

Ella Earl 2.25 

Fanny Witherspoon.. 2.1634 

Flora B 3.28 

Jack Splan 2.35 

Katie Jackson 2.25p^ 



HAMBLETONIAN (Eysdyk's), sire of 



Administrator 2.293^ 

Astoria 2.29>g 

Alma 2.28^ 

Bella 2.22 

Breeze 2.24 

Bruno 2.293^ 

Chester 2.27 

Deucalion 2.22 

Dexter 2.1734 

Drift 2.29^ 

Effie Deans 2.25i^ 

Ella Madden 3.25^ 



Enfield 2.29 

Factory Girl 3.2934 

Gazelle 3.31 

George Wilkes 3.33 

Hamperion 3.393^ 

Honest John 3.29i| 

James Howell, Jr. , . .3.34 

Jay Gould 3.21 1^ 

Jerome 2.27 

Kishar 3.273^ 

Lady Aiigusta 2.30 

Lady Banker 2.23 



King Almont 2.3134 

Lillian 3.33 

Musette 3.293^ 

Piedmont 3.1734 

SannieQ 3.37 

Tilton Almont 3.36 

Una 2.3734 

Westmont (pacer). . .2.153| 

Lottery 2.37 

Lottie 2.38 

Marguerite 2.39 

Mattie 3.333^ 

Maud 3.29^ 

Madeline 2.3334 

Nettie 2.18 

Orange Girl 3.20 

Scotland Maid 2.3834 

Sentinel 3.39K 

Small Hopes 2.26i| 

Young Bruno 2.2334 



HANh-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 




Shoeing. 

If we examine the horse's foot while in the natural state it will be found 
to be almost round and very elastic at the heel, the frog broad, plump, and 
of a soft, yielding character ; the commissures open and well defined, the 
sole concave ; the outside crust from the heel to the toe increased from a 
slight bevel to an angle of forty-five degrees; consequently, as the foot 
grows it becomes wider and longer in proportion to the amount of horn 
secreted, and narrower and shorter in proportion to the ground surface. If 
a shoe were fitted nicely and accurately to the foot after being dressed down 
well, it would be found too narrow and short for the same foot after a lapse 
of a few weeks. Now, if an un3nelding shoe of iron is nailed firmly to this 
naturally enlarging and elastic hoof, it prevents its natural freedom of 
expansion almost wholly, and does not allow the foot to grow wider at the 
quarters as it grows down, in proportion to the amount of horn grown, as 
before shod ; consequently, the foot is changed by the continued restraint of 
the shoe from a nearly round, healthy foot to a contracted and unhealthy 
condition, as generally seen in horses shod for a few years. 

The principles which should govern in shoeing are few and simple, and it 
is surprising, considering the serious consequences involved, that it should 
be done with so little consideration. The object of the shoer should be, in 
trimming and preparing the hoof for the shoe, to keep the foot natural, and 
this involves, first, the cutting away of any undue accumulation of horn, 
affecting in the least its health and freedom ; second, to carry out in the 
shaj^e of the shoe that of the foot as nearly as possible ; third, to fit and 
fasten the shoe to the foot so as least to interfere with its health, growth 
and elasticity. The preparation of the foot requires the cutting away of 
about the proportion of horn which, coming in contact with the ground, 
would have worn off, or which has accumailated since being shod last. If 
the shoes have been on a month, the proportion of horn that was secreted iu 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 59 



that time is to be removed. If two months, then the proportion of two 
month's growth. No definite rule can be given ; the judgment must be 
governed by the circumstances of the case. The stronger and more rapid 
the growth of the foot, the more must be cut away; and the weaker and 
less horn produced the less to the extremity of simply leveling the crust a 
little, the better to conform to the shoe. There is generally a far more rapid 
growth of hoyn at the toe than at the heels or the quarters ; more will be 
required to be taken olf there than off the other parts. Therefore, shorten 
the toe and lower the heels until you succeed in bringing down the bearing 
surface of the hoof upon the shoe to almost a level with the live horn of the 
sole. Be careful to make the heels level. . Having lowered the crust to the 
necessary extent with the buttress or knife, smooth it down level with the 
rasp. The sole and frog detatch by exfoliation as it becomes superabundant. 
The sole, therefore, would not need paring were it not for the restraining 
effect of the shoe upon the general functions of the foot, which is liable to 
prevent such detachment of the horn. We would be particular, also, in 
impressing the necessity of not confounding the bars with the substance of 
the sole, and setting them down to the common level with the sole. Any 
man of common sense can see that th^ bearing of the bars should be equal 
to the outside of the crust upon the shoe, and that they offer a decided 
resistance to the contraction of the heels. The cutting away of the bars 
to give the heels an open appearance is inexcusable, and should never be 
done. In a natural, healthy condition, the frog has a line of bearing with 
the hoof, and, by its elastic nature, acts as a safeguard to the delicate 
machinery of the foot immediately over it, and helps to preserve the foot in 
its natural state by keeping the heels spread. It seems to be wisely intended 
to give life and health to the foot. Permitting the heels to grow down, 
v/ith the addition of high-heeled shoes, raises the frog from its natural 
position and causes it to shrink and harden, and bears, in consequence, an 
important influence in setting u|3 a diseased action that usually results in 
contraction of the foot. If the heels are square and high, and the hoof 
presents rather a long, narrow appearance, and is hollow on the bottom, 
there is a state of contraction going on, and you must not hesitate to dress 
down thoroughly. Do not hesitate because the foot will appear small. Cut 
away until you are well down to a level with the line horn of the sole, and. 
if the foot is weak, use the same prudence in not cutting it away too much. 
The sheer must always bear in mind that the sole must not rest on the shoe. 
Let the foot be so dressed down, and the shoe so approximate, that the 
bearing will come evenly upon the crust all the way around without the sole 
touching the shoe^ This requires the crust to be dressed level, and, although 
well down tq^the live horn of the sole, it should always be left a little higher. 
The corners between the bars and crust should be well pared out, so that 
there is no danger of the sole resting upon the shoe. 



60 



HAND-BOOK OF HOR 8E3IAN 8HIP. 




The main object should be to have tlie shoe so formed as to size, weight, 
fitting and fastening as to combine the most advantages of protection and 
preserve the natural tread of the foot the best. In weight it should be pro- 
portioned to the work or employment of the horse. The foot should not 
be loaded with more iron than is necessary to jsreserve it. If the hoof is 
light, the shoe should be light also ; \mt if the horse work principally on 
the road, his shoes should be rather heavy. In its natural state, the foot 
has a concave sole surface, which seems to offer the greatest fulcrum of resis- 
tance to the horse when traveling. Most of the shoes now in use by intelli- 
gent shoers are fashioned on this principle; and, aside from the advantage 
of lightness and strength, they are considered to be an improvement on the 
common flat shoe. Geo, H. Dadd, veterinary surgeon, said once on the sub- 
ject of shoeing : " The action of concave feet may be compared to that of 
the claws of a cat, or the nails on the fingers and toes of a" man. The_ nails 
and toes are the fulcrum ; they grasp, as it were, the bodies with which they 
come in contact, and thus they secure a fulcrum of resistance when travel- 
ing or grasping." Now, in order to preserve the natural mechanical action 
of. the horn and sole, the ground surface of the shoe must correspond 
exactly with the ground surface of the foot ; that is to say, the ground sur- 
face of the shoe must be leveled cup-fashion ; its outer edge being prom- 
inent, corresponds to the lower and outer rim of the hoof, while the shoe, 
being hollow, it resembles the natural concave form of the sole of the loot. 

No matter what may be the form of the foot, whether it be fcigli or Iqw 
heeled, contracted at the heels, lengthened or shortened at the toe, or hav 
ing a concave or convex sole, it matters not ; the ground surface of the 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 61 

shoe must be concave. In every other part of the shoe alterations and 
deviations from any given rule or form are needed, in consequence of the 
ever varying form of the foot and the condition of the same, both as 
regards health and disease, but the sole of the foot, being concave, presents a 
pattern for the ground surface of the shoe, which the smith, with all his 
skill, cannot improve on ; and, if all such craftsmen were to follow this pat- 
tern more closely than they do, there would be fewer accidents in falling, and 
a less number of lame horses. The shoe should be of equal thickness all the 
way round, perfectly level on the top side, and concave on the ground 
surface. ' 

We cannot see the propriety, as given by a standard author, of seating all 
shoes alike, and of carrying them well back at the heel. Seating appears to 
be necessary only for the flat-footed horses, or the inside edge of the shoe 
must be lowered from the possible bearing of the sole, and enough to run 
the picker around between the shoe and hoof, to remove any gravel or for- 
eign matter that may find a lodgment between them. If there is much space 
between the shoe and sole, it invites accumulation of gravel and other sub- 
stances injurious to the foot. 

If the seating is carried well back, and the shoe is wide at the heels, instead 
of bearing on a level surlace as they should, come down upon this incline plane, 
it tends to crowd them together. If the shoe is not wide in web, and the 
foot- strong and arched, it may be made perfectly level on top. At all events, 
that portion upon which rests the heels and crust should be level and accu- 
rately fitted. The shoe should be continued around toward the heel so far as 
the crust extends, as large as the full unrasped hoof, but no part must pro- 
ject beyond it, excepting at the extreme of the heel. The expansion of the 
heel and growth of the foot requires that the shoe should be long enough &nd 
wide enough at the heels to allow for the natural growth of the foot during 
the time the shoe is expected to remain on the foot; for, as the foot grows, 
the shoe is drawn forward, until it loses its original proportion, and becomes 
too short and narrow. The shoe may be a quarter of an inch wider and 
longer than the extreme bearing of the heels, and the nail holes should be 
punched coarse and in the center of the web. In the hind shoe, four in the 
outside and two or three well forward in the inside toe, as found necessary to 
retain the shoe. 

The manner of fastening the shoe is what really affects the foot, and what 
requires the most special attention in shoeing ; for the foot, being elastic, 
expands in the same proportion on the rough as on the nicely-fitted shoe. It 
is the number and position of the nails that really affect the foot. If they 
are placed well back in the quarters, four on a side, as is common, the crust 
is held as firmly to this unyielding shoe as if in a vice, which utterly pre- 
vents the free action necessary to its health. Inflammation of the sensitive 
laminae is produced, which causes contraction and the consequent derange- 
ment of the whole foot. 



62 HAND-BOOK OF HOBSEMAWSHIP. 



If the free, natural expansion of the foot and the spreading of the quar- 
ters in proportion to the growth of the hoof is prevented t)y the nailing of 
the shoe, irritation of the fleshy substance between the crnst and coffin 
bone will result, and ultimately create so much diseased action of the parts 
as to cause contraction and navicular disease. Shoes may be securely fast- 
ened without causing such mischief, if the following method of nailing is 
observed : " Drive four nails on the outside of the foot the same as com- 
mon, while you drive two or three well forward in the toe of the opposite 
side, which leaves the inside quarter virtually free and indepei\dent of the 
shoe, for the outside of the foot, being the only part fastened, carries the 
shoe with it at every expansion, while the inside, being unattached, expands 
iudependently of it, and the foot is left as nearly as possible in a state of 
nature so far as its powers of expansion are concerned. It may be asked, 
will this style of nailing hold shoes on the feet of horses of all work? We 
answer, yes ; experience has fully demonstrated that seven nails will hold 
the shoe on ordinary feet for any purpose, if the shoes are properly fitted, 
for a period of from four to seven weeks, which is as long as shoes should 
be on without re-setting. If shoes are made with little clips, to keep them 
from being shoved back under the foot, they will require less nailing. If 
seven nails are found to be necessary, have the three on the inside drove in 
the space of an inch and a quarter, well forward in the toe, though in most 
cases two will be fou^nd sufficient for the purpose. Turn down the clinches 
snugly. Nothing should be done for what might be called "fancy." 
The hoof should never be filed or rasped above the clinches, as the hoof is 
covered by a peculiar enamel that prevents the too rapid evaporation of 
moisture from the horn, and ought not to be disturbed. The practice of 
rasping, filing or sand-paperiug the hoof to make it look nice, only produces 
mischief, and should never be allowed. Horses kept for light driving and 
irregular work — particularly those having rather square, upright heels — 
should be shod on the one-sided nailing principle, as the feet of such horses 
are much disposed to contraction. So far as observation and experience 
teaches us, we find proper attention to paring down the feet and fastening 
the shoes so as not to interfere with the free expansion of the hoof (as 
above) will remedy contraction ; though attention to growing down the 
crnst and the use of shoes that are slightly convex or leveled out, so as to 
have a tendency to spread the heels when the weight of the body is thrown 
upon the foot, and fastening on the principle of the inside quarter being 
left free, is regarded as much better; but the blacksmith must be a good 
workman to fasliion and fit a shoe in this way properly. The nails should 
not be driven higher in the crust than seven-eighths of an inch, and not so 
deep as to possibly strike through to the quick. If the foot is light, and 
shows a thin, delicate crust, the nails should be small, and not driven high 
or deep into the horn. As a rule, the fewer and smaller the. nails used — pro- 



HAND-BOOK OF . HORSEMAN SHIP. 



63 



vided they secure the shoe to the foot— the better. Shoes should be re-set 
as often as once a month, though in some cases they need not requh-e setting 
so often. It is positively necessary at six, atfd must not be neglected longer 
than seven or eight weeks, if you would preserve the natural shape of the 
foot. 




'^^^^^^^^.J, 



(Quarter and Toe Crack. 



This disease, usually attributed to " heat," " dry weather," " weak feet," 
etc., is one of the common symptoms of contraction, and can be entirely 
cured with the greatest ease ; nor will it ever recur if the hoof is kept in 
proper condition. 

If the case is recent, shoe as advised in our paragraph upon '' Incipient 
Unsoundness," being sure to cut the heel well down, putting the bearing 
fully upon the frog and three-quarters of the foot. If the hoof is weak 
from long contraction and defective circulation, lower the heels and whole 
wall, until the frog comes well upon the ground, and shoe with a " slipper," 
or " tip," made by cutting off a light shoe just before the middle calk, 
drawing it down and lowering the toe-calk partially. This will seem dan- 
gerous to those who have not tried it, but it is not so. The horse may 
flinch a little at first, from his unaccustomed condition, and from tlie active 
life that will begin to stir in his dry, hard, and numb foot, but he will enjoy 
the change. The healing of the crack will be from the coronet down, and 
it is good practice to cut with a sharp knife just above the split, and to clean 
all dirt and dead substance out from the point where you cut, downwards. 



64 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 



Soaking the feet in water will facilitate a cure by quickening the growth of 
the hoof ; or a stimulating liniment may be a])plied to the coronet, to excite 
more active growth. Bear in mind that expansion is not from the sole 
upwards,, but from the coronet downwards. 

Toe Cracks. 

The cause of this defect is the same as in quarter crack. It appears in 
both fore and hind feet. Clean the crack well, cutting with a sharp knife 
the dead horn from each side of it ; shoe as advised for quarter crack, or 
for the purpose of getting expansion and natural action of the dead, shelly 
hoof. The dirt and sand may be kept out of the crack by filling it with bal- 
sam of fir, orpine pitch. Keep the horse at regular work. 






Thrush. 

This is a very disagreeable discharge of offensive matter, from the cleft of 
the frog, by which pus is secreted together, with, or instead of horn. If the 
frog is sound, the cleft sinks but a little way into it; but by contraction or 
other causes, the cleft will penetrate to the sensitive sole within. Through 
this fissure the discharge proceeds. It may be caused by bruises or filth. 
The sinking in at the quarters will cause the horn to press upon the frog, 
or cutting the frog will cause it to become hard and horny. It can readily 
be distinguished fi-om any other disease by the offensive srneli ; run a stick 
or blade in the fissure, and the discharge will assure you. 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 



65 



Cure, — First poultice with linseed meal, put on hot, and let it remain 
twelve hours; then use a paste uiade of two ounces of blue vitrol, •one ounce 
white vitrol, powered as finely as possible, mix well with one pound of tar 
and two pounds of lard. Apply this in the cleft. It may be put on tow and 
pushed in. Let it remain twelve hours ; and then cleanse out with soft 
water and soap. When dry, make the second application ; also renew the 
poultices at night, until all inflammation disappears. 

If you wish to dry it up quick (which I do not approve), you can use the 
spirits of salt, ten or fifteen drops at a time. (2) Cleanse the foot out 
well, then crowd in fine salt and wash with beef brine. But in all cases of 
thrush, first use poultices, to relieve the inflammation. A carrot poultice 
is good, if linseed is not convenient. After this stufE the foot with clay, in 
dry weather ; this will keep it cool and moist, and it will also make it less 
liable to be bruised. The horse should take physic during the time, to 
cleanse the blood. Use barbadoes aloes, pulverized, and mixed with linseed 
oil sufficient to make into balls. Dose one ounce. 




tj ' 



PERFECT HORSES HEAD. 




^^ *^ ■- .?-< 





GIVING MEDICINE. 



Nailing. 

With respect to nailing, the number of nails must be determined by the 
size, and weight of the shoes. In driving the nails they mast be driven suf- 
ficiently high to be secure, but in such direction as to not injure laminas, 
remembering that an improperly punched shoe cannot safely be applied to the 
foot; in such cases it is almost impossible to drive the nail properly. The 
clinches should not be too short, lest they pull through the hoof : nor so long 
as to be unsightly in the hoof or do injury with the hammer, removing the 
inequalities only with the rasp. Easping the wall of the hoof is to be 
.condemned. 



66 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 



InterferiDg Shoes. 

First find what part of the foot hits the opposite ankle, which you can do 
by wrapping the ankle with a rag nicely, which color with some kind of 
coloring matter, over where the opposite foot hits, you can then discover by 
driving where the color adheres and what portion of the crust hits the 
ankle. Remove this portion and have the shoes well under the foot, but 
carefully fitted, so as to support the foot safely by the bearing of the bar 
and lieel. The hoof should be pared lower on the outside, to turn the 
ankle, that the other hoof may pass clear. Yet if the inside sole is not 
dressed, the rim soon breaks, and the inside is found to be actually lower 
than the outside. Shoes to prevent interfering, should be light and of nar- 
row web, on the inside, with three nail holes near the toe. They should 
be straight at the point Avhere they come in contact with the opposite leg. 
By adhering strictly to this principle of paring the foot, and fitting and 
fastening of the shoe, you will prevent a recurrence of the difficulty. 

Shoes, to prevent over-reaching, should be long, and for the forward feet, 
heavy, especially at the heels; and for the hind feet, light, with heavy toes. 
The hoof should be well pared at the toe. 




ONLY SAFE METHOD OF CONTROLLING A HORSE BAD TO SHOE. 



HAND-BOOK OF HOES E M AN S HIP. 



fi7 



The Beyel of the Foot Surface 

Is to keep the shoe a continuation of the crust or wall of the hoof, and to 
avoid percussion upon the sole. 

The Bevel on the Oroimd Surface 

Is to follow the natural concavity of the foot and to give it the form which 
will have no suction on wet ground, will not pick up mud, or retain snow- 

Contracted Feet. 

Sometimes only one foot becomes contracted; this may be caused in a cold 
climate by leaving a snow-ball in the bottom of the foot after the horse has 
been exercised until he is very warm. The coffin muscle is then relaxed by 
heat, and the snow-ball cools it so sudden that it contracts. In a few days 
the hoof shrinks to the muscle thus contracted, leaving a ridge in the hoof. 

In a warm climate, it may be caused by letting a horse stand even a short 
time, in cool water, after exercising and heating the blood. If you wish to 
bathe your horse's legs, do it with warm water, always; then you avoid 
all danger, and leave the limbs soft and pliable. 

Also, cutting away too much of the sole of the foot, deprives it of the 
very substance which holds the moisture and keeps the foot healthy. Cut- 
ting the frog makes it hard and horny, and when struck hard upon a stone 
it is pressed to the quick, causing fever. Both practices will cause con- 
traction. 




- - -p 



Z T 



G8 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 



Cure. — When first discovered, bathe the legs from the knee down, in hot 
water; do this twice a day for two weeks, every night stuffing the feet with 
clay. His shoes should merely rest on the rim of the foot. Never use a 
shoe with a swelled heel. When caused by cutting, stuff the feet with clay 
and use the concave shoes. Never use ointments or grease of any descrip- 
tion upon the outside of the hoof, as they close the pores and create fever, 
without removing' the cause of the disease. 




Keep Your Horse in Good Healtli, 

WHAT ERRORS IN FEEDING WILL DO, AND HOW TO PREVENT DISEASE OF 

THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 

With very rare exceptions diseases of the digestive organs are results of 
errors in feeding, and all observations point to the conclusion that in the 
horse the intestines are more liable to suifer from disease than the stomach. 
The stomach of a horse is a simple organ, small in comparison to the size 
of the animal, and in contrast with tiie volume of the intestines. It is but 
slightly called into action during the digestive process, and, provided the 
food be properly masticated and incorporated with the salivary secretions, 
it is arrested for a short time only in the stomach, but is passed onward into 
the intestinal canal, where the process of digestion is completed. On this 
account the intestines are more liable to disease. It is also a remarkable 
fact that easily digested food, if given over-abundantly, is apt to derange 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 69 



the small intestines, whereas food containing much woody fibre, such as 
over-ripe hay, coarse straw, etc., accumulates in the large intestines and 
there causes derangement, inflammation and even paralysis of the intestinal 
muscular tissue. It is also a fact worthy of notice that if food be given, 
artificially prepared by boiling or steaming, it is retained in the stomach 
itself, and if given in too large quantities causes distention, infiammation, 
paralysis and even rupture. This is accounted for by the circumstance that 
food imperfectly prepared for intestinal digestion is retained or imprisoned 
by the action of the pyloric structures, and thus distends the stomach by its 
bulk or by gases evolved by the process of fermentation, which is apt to 
ensue. 

The food of the horse contains an abundant quantity of starchy materials, 
and the process by which these are rendered soluble commences in the 
mouth, not only by their admixture with the salivary secretions, but by a 
chemical change, through which the non-soluble starch is converted into 
dextrine and grape sugar and made fit for the action of the intestinal, bil- 
liary and gastric secretions and for absorption by the vessels of the gastric 
aud intestinal walls. For the purpose of performing this process the horse 
is provided with twenty-four mill-stones, in the form of molar teeth, which 
have the power of crushing and triturating the hardest food, and of an ex- 
tensive system of salivary organs which secrete very actively, during the 
process of mastication, a fluid which effectively blends with and chemically 
changes the food thus triturated. On this account it is found that when 
horses are sufficiently, but not overly fed with dry food of a proper quan- 
tity, the stomach rarely suffers from disease. An error in the diet, however, 
or a sudden change from one kind of food to another, not only deranges the 
stomach, but the intestinal canal as well. ' 

From various cause, such as improper food, the process of dentition, dis- 
eases of the teeth causing imperfect mastication, ravenous feeding, the 
presence of other diseases, debility of the stomach itself resulting from 
some constitutional predisposition, or from food given at uncertain aud 
rare intervals, a condition of indigestion is induced in the horse. In young 
animals the same is induced by draughts of cold milk, removal from the 
dam at too early an age, or, what is commonly the case in some places, com- 
pelling the dam to work shortly after the birth of the offspring, aud alloT>r- 
ing it to suckle at rare intervals and when the dam is heated. In the horse 
the symptoms of indigestion are loss of appetite, or depravity and capricious- 
ness of it, manifested by the horse eating at irregular intervals, or having a 
desire to eat filth, with sourness of the mouth, and usually increased thirst. 
The animal soon becomes hide-bound, has a dry, scurfy skin, there is irregu- 
larity of the bowels, and ffequent escape of flatus by the anus. If caused 
bv imperfectly masticated food, such as whole oats or coarse hay, these may 
'be found in the faeces. In addition to the above diagnostic symptoms, there 



70 HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 



may be a dry congli, or irregularity of the pulse, which may be slower or 
faster than natural ; coliky pains may also be present in some cases, occur- 
ring more particularly in an hour or two after the animal has partaken of its 
food, whilst in others fits of giddiness, and even paralysis, occurs, the latter 
condition being not seldom seen in cattle, and very often in dogs. 

In the young animal the above symptoms are more commonly associated 
with diarrhcea than in the older ones, in which constipation is generally 
present. The fgeces often resemble the color of the food ; for example, if 
the horse is fed on dark-colored hay or clover, the faeces will be dark-colored 
also; if, on the contrary, it is fed on oats, the fgeces will be light in color, 
and in the young animal, wlien fed on milk, it will often resemble it both in 
color and consistence, mixed, however, with large masses of curdled milk, 
and often very foetid. It has often been noticed that when indigestion is 
induced by clover the urine is very dark in color, and deposits a thick, 
almost brick-colored sediment. This condition of the urine, however, need 
cause no apprehension, as it is often seen in the clover-fed animal without 
any disease being present. Indigestion is a fertile source of deposits in the 
urine, which result from imperfect nutrition of the tissues, or a chemical 
change in the constituents of the blood-plasma, due to the products being 
imperfectly prepared or containing some material unfit for healtJiy nutrition. 

In the treatment of indigestion, the cause ought to be carefully inquired 
into and removed. If due to the process of dentition, the presence of 
unshed crowns of the temporary teeth irritating and wounding the mouth, 
or to any irregularity of the dental apparatus, these must be attended to 
according to the directions laid down under their several heads. In all 
instances where such causes are not in operation, even when the cause can- 
not be traced to the food, it will be necessary to make some alteration in the 
diet and to examine the various alimentary matters in order to detect the 
ofiending one if possible. If the diarrhosa is not excessive and the animal 
thereby much debilitated, it would be advisable to give a mild aparieat or a 
moderate cathartic. To the young animal a dose of castor or linseed oil, to 
the older a moderate dose of aloes, combined with a vegetable bitter, ginger 
or gentian. In foals pepsine can be administered, as in all proL)ability the 
indigestion is due to imperfect secretion of the gastric glands; even in the 
older animal this is often presumably the case, and more especially when the 
disorder occurs without apparent cause, the same remedy will prove beneficial. 
The diet of the animal is also to be carefully conducted; and that pure air, 
moderate exercise and good grooming are essential to proper digestion. 
Occurring in the winter, if the horse is thickly covered with hair, clipping 
will have a beneficial result, restoring the digestion and appetite, which 
may have been long impaired, notwithstandmg remedies, in the course of a 
fe^v hours. 



HAND-BOOK OF HO BSEMAN Sn IP. 71 



Distensions of the stomach may arise from repletion with solid food or 
from the evolution of gasses arising from solids or liquids contained within 
it undergoing the process of fermentation, or disengaged from the gastric 
walls when the stomach is empty, as occurring in conditions of great pros- 
tration. The cause of impaction of the stomach results from the indiges- 
tion of food too abundant in quantity, or greedily swallowed and imper- 
fectly masticated. In those parts of the country where the cooking of food 
for horses is a common custom, it is found that deaths from diseases and 
lesions of the digestive apparatus are very common. From the reasons that 
it is necessary for the food to undergo not only the process of trituration by 
the teeth, but that it requires to be chemically altered by combination with 
the saliva, it will be understood that food prepared in any other way, as 
cooking by boiling and steaming, is unfitted to be acted upon by the 
stomach, and is consequently retained within it, fhe aninal meanwhile con- 
tinuing to eat until its walls become distended, paralyzed or even ruptured. 
Some kinds of food, nutritious in themselves, and theoretically calculated 
to be proper for the horse, are found practically to be highly dangerous. 
Wheat, for instance, which is highly nutritious, is considered to be improper 
food, deranging the stomach, causing purgation, laminitis and death. Bar- 
ley has a similar effect. When it becomes compulsory to cook the food, it 
should be given with the greatest caution and in small quantities. Bran, 
in mash or otherwise, musty hay, or too ripe before being cut, barley and 
green foods not only induces engorgement, but also undergo fermentation 
in the stomach, and thus bring on tympanitis. 

Kicking Cows. 

It is natural for the cow to stand while being milked. Consequently, the 
heifer knows nothing about kicking until hurt, or frightened into it. The 
lesson in rega: 1 to heifers is therefore perfectly plain, -Be careful and not 
hurt or frighten them. If, by accident, you should, and they kick, do not 
punish them for it. Kindness and gentle handling is the only remedy. If 
your cow kicks, let your reasoning for the cause be based upon the principle 
that she never kicked until she was injured, and the remedy will at once 
suggest itself. No cow was ever broken of kicking by striking with the 
stool or other weapon. This practice only puts the cow on her guard, and, 
as you come near her with the stool, she uses nature's defense and kicks. 
Handle her gently. If she walks off or kicks, pay no attention to it, using 
no loud words nor blows. If her teats are sore, she is quite liable to do 
either ; and you must have patience until they are healed. In our experi- 
ence we have never found a confirmed kicker in a yard where kindness was 
a characteristic of the family who handled the dairy; on the contrary, we 
have found plenty of them where quarreling, loud words and general 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 



bad temper prevailed. Now, if you have a bad kicking cow, you must have 
a plan by which you can control and break her of the vice. Take your sur- 
cingle and buckle it around her waist, just back of the forelegs; then at- 
tach your pole-strap to the ten-inch strap, and buckle around the nigh hind 
foot ; then carry tlie pole-strap through the fourth ring of the surcingle, 
and draw the foot from the floor; let her remain in that position for a few mo- 
ments ; then gradually lower the foot until she can partially rest it on the 
floor; while in that position it will be impossible for her to kick, and, in a 
short time, she will be effectually broken of the vice. 

Training Dogs. 

The dog is tlie most domesticated, and (next to the horse) the most intel- 
ligent of all animals. He is easily taught, and, if properly treated, is a 
faithful and willing servant of man ; if misused and ill-treated, he is very 
apt to become disagreeable, and a nuisance. The dog being a favorite of 
mankind, it becomes a duty to educate him in such a manner that he will 
not only reflect credit, but become useful to his master, besides being an 
agreeable inmate to all members of the household. We have given particu- 
lar attention to the subject, it being one which cannot fail to interest all 
readers. We have at present two of the best trained dogs in the country — 
Minnie, an Italian greyhound, and Tasso, a black and tan. They are made 
to understand any words of the English language, simply by teaching them 
the act, and then the word from the act. The rules \fliereby any person can 
educate a dog are simple and easily understood, but it is necessary to be 
patient, kind and persevering — (the same as in all things.) We give a few 
rules — sufficient to enable the operator to practice many more. There are 
different breeds of dogs, and, of course, as many different habits and dis- 
positions as breeds; consequently it will require judgment to train them 
to that to which they are best adapted by nature. For instance, the St. 
Bernard is a faithful watch dog, while the setter will scent game without 
training ; a terrier will catch rats, and the grey-hound takes to running 
from his birth. It is necessary, therefore, iu attempting to teach the dog, 
to bear in mind these natural habits, being careful not to urge upon him the 
performance of any duties or tricks which are manifestly not in his nature 
to do. When selecting dogs for any particular lesson, study this subject 
closely, as undoubtedly it is the most useful lesson to be taught. We have 
not given so much attention to educating the shepherd or the watch dog to 
drive, not being so fond of this kind as of teaching the more intelligent 
class of dogs certain tricks, etc., but we will give you the knowledge of the 
above as we obtained it from a celebrated dosr trainer. 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 73 



Training The Shepherd Dog to Drive. 

Take a well-bred shepherd dog about six months old, reared in some se- 
cluded place, hearing no words with a meaning intended to be attached, ex- 
cept his name. He should know nothing of the ordinary words in use to- 
wards dogs, and not have been handled by boys or careless persons. Take 
him alone with-you into a large room. The first thing to be done is to 
teach him to lead ; to do this, place a strap around his neck that cannot 
hurt him, to which attach a cord six or eight feet in length ; stand still, and 
hold upon the cord for a few minutes, until he ceases struggling to get 
away. It is best to give one lesson each day during the whole training. 
The first two lessons should be devoted to teaching him that he cannot get 
away. Now commence teaching him to come to you by pulling upon the 
rope and saying, " Here," using only the one word. In the use of this as 
well as all other words used in training the dog, one word is all it is best to 
try and teach him for any one act, it being so difficult to make him under- 
stand if you attempt to teach him more. When he is once fixed in the habit 
of minding the word, you may then use other words in connection there- 
with as are pleasant to the ear, as, for instance, *' come here, sir." Without 
the word here he will not know what you mean, and the others being mean- 
ingless to him, do not puzzle him. He will also be less liable to have too 
many masters, as the one word will not be likely to be used every time by a 
person unacquainted with your mode of training. Of course, if you prefer 
it, you may, in giving the lesson, substitute other words for those laid 
down ; but we give those which are readiest to the tongue. As the dog 
comes up, whether voluntarily or not, say, " Do," and caress him. A lesson 
of an hour or two, each time working slowly and patiently, will be about 
right. Proceed with it until he will come to you from any portion of the 
room at the word " Here." He will have learned by this time, probably, 
that the word " Do " is for him to understand that you are through with 
him. When he perfectly realizes this you may then prefix words, and say, 
" that will do," emphasizing the word do each tim.e. You may also now say, 
" Come here," remembering that the words here and do are the only ones 
he obeys. He cannot connect sentences, nor be made to understand them 
when once connected. You now wish him to learn the words " Go " and 
" Halt." To do this you will place yourself in a portion of the room oppo- 
site to where the dog would naturally desire to go {the door, for instance, 
or something that would attract him, such as food,) say " Go " and by coax- 
ing and urging him start him along. As he gets part of the way, say 
" Halt," pulling upon the string, stopping him and saying " Halt" again. 
Proceed with this until he has learned to obey both the words, "Go" and 



74 HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 



'* Halt." To teach these four words named will generally take three or four 
weeks. Now let him learn to bark at the word " Speak " by holding up 
something which he wants very much, for instance, food when he is hungry. 
You may then let him loose, and let him ruu about with you (previously 
keeping him confined, but not in a narrow place), being watchful that he 
does not stray off, nor be hurt, nor handled by others. He will soon become 
handy about the house, you having control of him through the words you 
have taught him, and you can keep him in his place by the word of com- 
mand. For instance, if you wish him to go out of doors, show him the 
door and say, " Go out." The word " go " will start him, and in a little 
while he will become familiar with the word " out." Give him a fixed place 
to sleep, and teach him its name. If you have a dog already trained to 
drive and go behind, take him out with him to drive in the cattle. He 
will learn that they will run from him. Say nothin^,- to him while he is 
with the other dog, unless he attempts to go to the head of any of the 
cattle. This you must not allow. After two or three times, take him out 
without the other dog and allow him to run after the cattle, provided the 
cattle are used to being driven by dogs. It will not do to let him run where 
there is a chance of being turned upon. If he drives them too fast, say 
'• Steady." He will not know what you mean, but, as you use words with 
him only when they mean something, he will be apt to pay attention and 
go slower. If he does not, say " Halt," then "' Go," steadying him by the 
word " Steady," if possible. He will gradually learn its meaning by 'ts re- 
petition. If you have no other dog, you will let him go without, being more 
watchful of him that he docs not go to the head of the cattle, otherwise say 
nothing to him except " Go," not letting him start until he gets the word. 
After a while you may proceed to practice upon the other words he knows. 
If he shows no disposition to bite at the heels, nor to pull at the tail, take a 
rope and tie a knot a short distance up, fringe out the end, and play with 
him with the rope, letting him catch hold of it, and causing him to bark at 
it by using the word '' Speak." When he takes hold of the rope say ♦' Up," 
and when you wish him to let go, "Do." You may then with a slow cow, 
call him up, and taking hold of the tail, say " Up," and " Speak," to teach 
him to take hold of the tail and bark when you say " Start 'em up," and 
'* Speak to them," and to let go when you say " That will do." Now accus- 
tom him to the word " Fetch," for sheep, and " Get," for cattle, etc., so that 
when you say " Go and get the cattle," he knows that you mean cattle in- 
stead of sheep or horses. You may then teach him to know the right from 
the left, and to obey your orders in that respect by taking him into a large 
room and by the motion of your right hand try to have him go to the right 
from you, saying, '•' Go — right." If he does not do it, say " Halt," and re- 
peat. When he does do it, say " That will do." Continue this until he will 



IIAND-BOOE Ob" HORSEMANSHIP. 75 



go to the right at the motiou of your hand and the word " Right" ; then 
making motions with your left hand, and using the word " Left," you teach 
him the opposite. By these motions, and an appeal to the intelligence of 
the dog by your countenance and eyes, you can start him for the fields in 
any direction you may choose, arui he soon learns to do what you want with 
very little telling. Following these rules will satisfy you that the dog can 
be taught indefinitely respecting all things which pertain to his peculiar 
nature. 

The Watch Dog. 

For a good watch dog, select one of a breed adapted to the business. 
There is but little that you can teach such an one, as it is somewhat of a nat- 
ural trait, and any other than a natural watch dog, however much you may 
labor with him, will never be reliable. A barking dog, one that will be 
noisy on the approach of intruders, is the best. A dog that bites, but does 
not bark, is only fit to put in barns or other outbuildings, nights, chaining 
him up day-times ; and then- he is dangerous even to his keeper, as a sud- 
den start will oause him to bite any one. To teach your dog, give him 
something to watch, saying, "Take care of it," as you place him near the 
object. He will soon learn the word, and upon being directed to any par- 
ticular thing will faithfully guard it. While teaching him, allow no one 
but yourself to approach him, without setting him on. You may have a 
stranger approach him and tease him, you urging him to drive the stranger 
away, and as soon as he starts, let the person run, you calling the dog back. 
While young do not compel him to stay too long at one thing, and when 
you go up to him and say '* That will do," feed him something. After the 
manner spoken of in the previous illustration, whenever you wish the dog 
to bite, or go at any person or thing,, you will teach him the words the re- 
verse of what you mean, such as "Be still," " Get out," " Lie down." You 
will see that a person not understanding the dog will not be very apt to get 
near him, as he would naturally make use of those words, and they would 
be setting him on instead of quieting him. To call him yourself, use such 
a convenient word as you choose, but not one naturally used by others. As 
this ingenious use of words is about the only new idea we can suggest to 
teach watch dogs, the masters can use their own ingenuity to render it 
practical. 

The Trick Bog. 

Many amusing tricks may be taught which will exhibit in a wonderful 
degree the intelhgence of the dog. As we have before said, much depends 
upon the breed. A dog of one peculiar breed may be taught a certain class 
of tricks, while that of another breed will be entirely different in its charac- 



76 HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 



teristics. A well-bred dog is hard to learn any tricks, except those pertain- 
ing to his nature ; while a mongrel cur is qnite easy to learn any. Perhaps 
a Spaniel poodle dog is the most tractable of any ; a black-and-tan is quite 
apt. We give a few examples, suflficient to form a groundwork for the intel- 
ligent operator to extend his list of tricks at his pleasure. 

The First Step to be Taken. 

When you are preparing the dog to receive his first lesson, it is necessary 
to 'place him where you can control hini. Procure a piece of cord ten feet 
long, and one-fourth of an inch. in diameter, tie a knot at each end— one 
that will not slip. 'I'ake one end, place it around the dog's neck, to get the 
size, then tie another knot, and again place it around his neck, slipping the 
end with knot through, and make fast. The proper way of training him is 
with a whip — a small riding whip. In giving him his first lesson, should he 
attempt to run from you (as he undoubtedly will), give him a sudden jerk, 
and say, " Come here ; " as he comes back, talk gently, pat and caress him ;. 
that is to show him he has done right in coming back. A few pulls with 
the cord and he will not attempt to leave you. 

To Tejifli Hiiii to Sit Down. 

Press your hand upon his back toward the hind legs and say, '' Sit down," 
at the same time tapping with your foot upon the floor. If he attempts to 
lie down or draw )iis feet under him, coax him up, and teach him that *' sit 
down " is what you are after, tapping him under the chiu to keep his head 
well up. He will, after a few lessons, sit down at the word and a tapping of 
your foot on tlie floor, or with your whip, holding him by the cord ; tap him 
lightly on the top of the quarters, saying " Sit down," each time a little 
harder, until he sits down, then pat him to show him that he has done 
right. 

To Make a Bow. 

When he gets handy, and will sit down at the word, then say to him, 
" Make a bow." This trick he will learn in a very short time. As he sits 
down, place your right hand on the top of his head and with a quick move 
press down, saying '' Make a bow." By accompanying the word with the 
act, quite often, each day, for a few days, he will understand the word with- 
out tlie act, and obey readily. 



HAND-BOOK OF HO R8 E MA N SH IP. 77 



To Teacli Him to Sit Up. 

Set him up in the corner, and witli a switch hit hira lightly under the 
mouth, snapping your finger and saying "Sit up." As he comes down, put 
him back and repeat, until he remains, which he will do in a few minutes, 
then say " That will do," and coax him down, and caress him. When he 
has learned this sufficiently, set him up against a wall and try the same 
thing. This will require more patience, as he can so easily get over to either 
side. When, however, he will do it, then take him out in the center of the 
floor ; this will take still longer, but if followed up, kindly and perseveringly, 
he will learn to perform the trick at the word and the snapping of the finger. 

To Stand Up. 

Take some food in your hands and offer it to him, holding it well up, and 
say " Stand up." Repeat this until he will stand up quite readily, holding 
out your unoccupied hand for him to support his fore-feet on. Gradually 
take away your hand, each time that he comes up, saying " Stand up." 
Then take him by the forward feet and lift him up quite hard, and say, 
"Stand up." You will soon get him so that when you lift him he will 
straighten up and show signs of standing ; then make the effort to teach 
him to stand up at the word, and the holding out of your hand. You may 
now combine this with the last trick, saying " Sit up," " Stand up," " That 
will do." These are the first tricks he should be taught, as they are the 
foundation for others. 

To Get Into a Cliair. 

This is easily done, taking your own way to coax him into the chair, using 
the word '"'chair" whenever you cause him to get into it. When he 
becomes familiar with the word, accompanied with a motion of the hand 
towards a chair, you may use other words in connection therewith, " Go and 
get into the chair." After he will do this handily you may then teach him 
to put his paws upon the back of the chair, byasking him to " put them up," 
or saying "Up," assisting him at first. When he will do it readily you may 
teach him to put his head down upon his paws, by placing it there and 
repeating the word " Down," of course caressing him each time that he 
complies. To have him hold up his head, tap him under the mouth, and 
say " Up," remembering to say " That will do," when you are through the 
trick. You may teach him to jump over the chair by playfully coaxing him 
to do so, saying " Jump." 



78 HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 



To Make Him Go Lame. 

Tap him with a little rod upon the hind foot, saying " Lame," teaching 
him to stand and hold it up whenever you say " Lame," Now coax him 
along, and if he puts it down hit him quite smartly on the foot, making him 
keep it up until he will go lame at the word and a motion of the rod. Now 
whenever you send him to the chair, as before, as he goes to jump down, 
stop him, teaching him to wait for the word "Do." As he comes down 
with his fore-feet on the floor, say " Steady," and teach him to stop with his 
hind legs in the chair. He is now ready 

To Run on His Forward Legs. 

To teach him to do this, take hold of his hind legs, lift them up and walk 
him around in a circle, and place them in a chair, saying " Round," Do 
this every time you perform the trick of having him get into a chair. After 
a while take him by the tail and lift him up, and, switching his hind legs 
lightly, walk him around in the same manner, sayiug "Round," as before. 
With patience and perseverance he will learn to lift up his hind legs at the 
motion of the whip, and on the words " Go round " perform a circle, walk- 
ing on his forward feet, and place his hind feet in the chair; of course the 
height of the chair must be adapted to the length of the dog's legs. 

To Sit on a StooL 

It is now very easy to teach him to " sit down " on a low stool. You may 
then teach him to " take a seat" on the stool by leading him around by his 
forward feet, and setting him on the stool with his forward feet held up, 
saying " Seat ;" you then have him learned to go on all fours, to sit down 
on the stool, and go on his hind feet and take a seat with liis forward feet up. 

To Teacli Him to Find Things. 

Take something with which he is accustomed to play, and, after getting 
him enliveued with play, call him up to you and blindfold him, and throw 
the article a short distance from you. If the dog lias good scent, tell him 
you have " lost," then remove the blindfold and he will search and find it. 
Repeat this, throwing it further each time, until you can throw your knife 
or anything which you have held in your hand, at a distance, you looking in 
the direction and saying, ' I have lost my knife." He will search until he 
finds and brings it to you. If the dog has not good scent, teach him to look 
down at the word " find," and up at the word " up," doing as before. We 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 79 

have now given a sufficient number of examples to set forth the important 
rules which govern the teaching of dogs. By an observance of these you 
may teach your dog to climb ladders, fetch things to you, carry baskets, roll 
over, lie down, shut doors, and an almost innumerable number of tricks. 
To teach the dog, however, you must have perfect control over your temper, 
never whip severely, never get out of patience. 

To Teach Him to Creep. 

First make him lie down on all fours ; then get upon your knees, take 
your dog's fore paws in your hands, and rest the back of your hands on the 
floor ; draw your hands, first one and then the other, toward you, saying 
" Creep, creep, sir," If he attempts to get up hold his fore legs fast to the 
floor, saying " Careful, "sir." As soon as he stops struggling, begin again. 
This is one of the easiest tricks for a dog to learn, and can be taught him in 
a very short time. 

To be a Dead Dog. 

Take your dog by the fore shoulders ; say to him " Be dead ; " and at the 
same time lay him down on his side. He will at first struggle to get up, but 
hold him fast, and when he is quiet take your hands from him. Work 
slowly and carefully. If he attempts to get up hold his head to the floor 
again. In a short time he will lie down upon his side at the word " dead." 
When you wish him to get up change your voice, and speak quickly, but not 
harshly, "■ That will do, sir," or "Dinner is ready," or "Beefsteak," or any 
word you wish, and after he has thoroughly learned the word he will not get 
up until you speak it. 

To Balance on the Back of a Chair. 

Take a common bar-room chair — one with wide arms is best ; coax your 
dog up into it ; take his fore paws and place them on the arm of the chair ; 
pat and cai'ess him as you proceed. Now get another chair, and place it 
about a foot from the first ; stand on the outside of the chair, and coax him 
to come to you. They sometimes will jump over the arm ; if they do, put 
them back again and speak out sharply, "careful." Try him again. He 
will then probably put all his feet on the arm of a chair. If he does, take 
the second chair away, and step in front of him as quickly as possible ; put 
your hand unde^- his chin and steady him ; gradually take your hand away, 
and pat and caress him. If you have a small piece of meat to give him, so 
much the better; but never caress nor feed him unless he does right. 



80 HAND-BOOK OF HOB SEMANSH IP. 



To Te.icli Him to Waltz. 

First teach him to stand up. Then take a piece of meat and hold it up 
above his head. If he jumps for it, take it out of his way, and give him a 
slight cuff on the ear. Now say to him '' stand up." If he obeys you, give 
him a small piece. Then hold another piece near his nose, and carry it 
around over his head, saying "waltz." If he turns after it give it to him. 
Try him so for several times ; then make him turn two or three times before 
you reward him. Work this way for a short time, and he will waltz for you 
at the word without any reward. 

Diseases of the Dog. 

Administering Medicine. — We will commence this work by giving 
directions how to administer medicine. If your dog is not large, you can 
manage him. by yourself. Invert a bucket and sit on it; set the dog down 
on his haunches, between your legs, holding him with your knees ; tie a 
cloth around his neck : this, falling over his fore paws is pressed against 
his ribs by your knees; his fore legs, by this dodge, are " hors du combat." 
With the finger and thumb of one hand force open the jaws, elevating his 
head at the same time with the same hand. If a bolus, with the other 
hand pass it over the roots of his tongue, and give it a sharp poke down- 
ward; close the mouth, still holding up the head till you see it swallowed. 
If a draught, give a mouthful, close the mouth, bold up the head and stop 
the nostrils. Repeat this if the draught is too large to be taken at once. 
If the dog is very large you must have an assistant, else in his struggles he 
will upset you and tiic medicine too. 

Physic. — In giving a dog physic, be sure to keep him warm and dry, 
especially if you use calomel or mercurial preparations. Always remove 
him from the kennel and put him into a hospital apart from the rest, to 
prevent infection, as well as to insure the poor brute quietness. Study the 
appearance of the eyes, feet, nose, extremities, pulse, etc. 

To Make a Bitch Inclined to Copulate. — Seven drops tincture of 
cantharides twice a day till effect is produced; about six days probably. 

Mange. — -Caused by dirty kennels, neglect, want of nourishing or im- 
proper food. Cure — one oz. salts, if dog of modrate size ; rub every third 
day, well into the skin, of the following mixture : train oil (tanner's oil will 
do), one quart ; spirits turpentine, one large wine glass full; sulphur suffi 
cient to make a thin paste ; mix well ; let it stay on the animal two weeks, 
then wash well with castile soap and warm water. 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 8J 



Worms. — Cowhage, one-lialf drachm ; tin filings (very fine), four drachms ; 
make it into four or six balls, according to size of dog ; one daily, and a few 
hours afterwards, a purge of salts or aloes. Another remedy — powdered 
glass, as much as will lie on a quarter of a dollar, mixed with lard. Rej'oat 
once or twice, alternate days; finish off with one or two drachms of soctrine 
aloes rolled up in tissue paper. 

To Make a Dog Fine in His Coat. — A tablespoonful of tar and oat- 
meal ; make bolus. 

To Destroy Lice. — Sometimes the recipe for fleas will prove efficacious, 
but not always ; but a small quantity of mercurial ointment, reduced b} 
adding hog's lard to it, say an equal quantity, rubbed along the back never 
fails ; but the greatest care must be taken too keep the animal warm auci 
dry. 

Distemper. — Distemper is caused by low keep, neglect and change of 
atmosphere. Symptoms of this disease are as follows: Loss of spirit, activ- 
ity and appetite; drowsiness, dullness of the eyes, lying at lengh with nose 
to the ground, coldness of extremities, legs, ears and lips ; heat in head and 
body, running at the nose and eyes, accompanied by sneezing, emaciation^ 
and weakness ; dragging of hind quarters, flanks drawn in, diarrhoea, and 
sometimes vomiting. There are several receipts for this the worst of all dis- 
eases. One is better than another, according to the various stages. The 
first, if taken at an early stage, seldom fails ; half an ounce of salts in 
warm water, when first taken ill; thirty-six hours afterwards, ten grains 
compound powder of ipecacuanha in warm water. If in two days he is not 
better, take sixteen grains antimonial powder, made into four boluses, one, 
night and morning, for two days. If no improvement is visible, continue 
these pills, unless diarrhcea comes on, in which case you must use the 
ipecacuanha day about with the pills. If the animal is much weakened by 
this, give him one teaspoonful Huxam's tincture of bark three times a day. 
James' powder is almost a certain remedy — dose, four grains. In case of 
fits coming on, destroy the animal. The same may be said of paralysis. If 
this disease is taken in its early stages and attended to, and the dog kept 
warm, there is not much danger, otherwise it is very fatal. 

Bilious Fever is caused by want of exercise and two high feeding. 
Calomel, six or eight grains, or, in an obstinate case, turpetb mineral or 
yellow mercury, six to twelve grains in a bolus. 

Inflammation of the Bowels. — Symptoms : Dullness of appearance 
and eyes ; loss of appetite ; lying on the belly with outstretched legs ; pulse 
much quickened ; scratching up the bed into a heap, and pressing the belly 



82 HAND-BOOK OF IIO R S E M AN S'HIP. 



on it; desire to swallow stones, coal or any cold substance not voidable; 
inclination to hide away. It is very dangerous, and requires active treat- 
ment. Bleed most freely until the dog faints away; clap a blister on the 
pit of the stomach. Give aloes fifteen grains, opium half a grain ; repeat 
dose three timts a day. Bleed after twelve hours if the pulse rises again, 
and continue dosing and bleeding till either the dog or the inflammation 
gives ^in. No Ijalf measures do in this case. If you get the upper hand 
there is no trouble ; if not it is fatal. Feed low, and attend carefully to 
prevent relapse. 

Staggers and Fits. — This generally happens in warm weather. Throw 
water on them if convenient ; if not, bleed in the neck, if you have lan- 
cets; if not, slit the ears with your knife (you can cause them to adhere 
together again), or run your knife across two or three bars next the teeth. 
13 itches coming off heat are more subject to this than dogs in good health. 

Bleeding. — You may readily bleed a dog in the jugular vein, by holding 
up his head, stopping the circulation at the base of the neck. Part the 
hair, and with the lancet make an incision, taking care not to «tick him too 
deeply. If tlie animal rejoices in a heavy coat, it may be necessary to shave 
away the hair. From one to eight ounces are tlie quantities; use your own 
judgment. 

Canker in the Ear.—- Wash well with soap and warm water; fill the 
ear with finely powdered charcoal or powdered borax. Clean out daily with 
sponge on stick and warm water, and repeat the dusting till it heals. An- 
other remedy. Oak bark, one pound, chopped fine and well boiled in soft 
water. Whwn cold, take of the decoction of bark, fovir ounces ; sugar of 
lead, half a drachm, put a teaspoon ful into the ear, night and morning, 
nibbing the root of the ear well to cause it to get well into the cavities. 
This is one of the best receipts in this book. 

External Canker of the Ear. — Butter of antimony, diluted in milk 
to the thickness of cream, will cure it; or red precipitate, half an ounce 
with two ounces of hog's lard, mixed well. 

For a Strain. — Use Bertine's liniment, or one ounce of turpentine, half 
pint old beer, half pint brine, bathe the part and repeat, or sal ammonia, 
one ounce, vinegar, one pint. 

Bruises or Strains of Long Standing, — Gall and opodeldock are ex- 
cellent ; shaved camphor, two ounces ; spirits of wine, three-quarters of a 
pint ; shake well, and cork close, placing it near the fire until the camphor 
dissolves ; then add a bullock's ^-all, shake well together ; apply, rubbing it 
well into the part aflfected until it lathers. 



HAND-BOOK OF HO RSE MA NSHI P. 83 



Dog PoisojiTED. — Give a teaciipful of castor oil ; after he has vomited 
well, continue to pour olive oil down his throat and rub his belly. 

Fleas. — Scotch snuff steeped in gin is infallible; but must be used with 
great care, and not above a teaspoonful of snuff to a pint of gin — as the 
cure, if overdone, is a deadly poison. 

Torn Ears. — Laudanum and brandy, equal parts ; mix well ; apply 
alternately with sweet oil. 

Swelled Teats. — Make pomade of camphorated spirit of brandy, and 
goose grease ; apply two to three times daily. 

To Extract Thorns.— Cobbler's wax bound on to the place, or black 
pitch plaster, or a poultice, are equally good. 

Films over the Eyes. — Blue-stone or lunar caustic, eight grains ; spring 
water, one ounce. Wash the eyes with it, letting a little pass in. Repeat 
this daily, and you will soon cure it. 

Films Caused by Thorn Wounds. — Rest the dog till perfectly headed 
over, washing with rose water. If much inflammation, bleed and foment 
with hot water, with a few drops of laudanum in it — about forty drops of 
laudunura to one ounce of water; or two grains of opium to one ounce of 
water — one as good as the other. Then apply four or five times a day the 
following wash : Super-acetate of lead, half a drachm, rose water, six 
ounces. 

Stripping Feet. — Wash in bran and warm water witli a little vinegar; 
afterward, apply tincture of myrrh. Apply sweet oil before he goes out. 
If his feet are sore, wash in buttermilk until better; then apply brine and 
vinegar, equal i)arts. 

Wounds. — Poultice for a day or two, then apply Friar's Balsam, covering 
up the place. 

For a Green Wound. — Hog's lard, turpentine and beeswax, equal parts; 
verdigris, one-fourth part. Simmer over a slow fire till they are well mixed, 
and apply. 

Purgative Medicines. — Salts, one ounce; calomel, five grains; or soco- 
tine aloes, two drachms ; for a moderate sized dog. 

To Reduce the Time a Bitch is in Heat. — Give her a little nitre in 
water, and a dose of calomel, four grains or thereabouts, followed by salts 
or aloes. 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 



To Dry Up Old Sores. — Quarter pound dry white lead; dust on the 
places twice a day. Horses can be worked all the time. This is simple and 
good. 

For Eye Wash. — Two drachms sugar-lead, one-half once laudanum, one 

pint rain water. Bathe the eye above and in the sockets, twice a day. 

For Founder. — First blanket the horse, then give one ounce oil-sassafras, 
one-half ounce l;iudanam, one-half pint gin; mix and drench; move the 
horse till he is warm, then bleed in th'=> plate veins of the leg, then give a 
good physic. Feed on bran mash, A good recipe. 

To Stop Blood, —-One drachm lunar caustic, four ounces rain water ; dis- 
solve and apply to the place affected. 

For Poll-Evil. — Take young shelbark hickory about as thick as your wrist, 
prickly ash roots the same quantity, red oak bark^ the same ; burn all 
together : take the ashes and make in a lye ; boil down till dry, then pul- 
verize ; put as much as will lay on a dime in a small piece of tissue paper 
and put down in the pipes. Keep the bowels open. A sure cure. 

For Cleansing' Powder. — Two ounces each of gentian, foenu greek, rosin, 
copperas, flour of sulphur, bUick antimony, saltpetre, and one pound of 
Jamaica ginger ; mix all together. Dose, one tablespoonful twice a day on 
soft food. This is good for distemper or colds. 

For Colic. — One ounce each of laudanum, tincture asafoetida and sweet 
spirits nitre, and one-half pint of gin or whisky; mix and drench. If not 
better in thirty minutes repeat the dose, then give one pint linseed oil. A 
sure cure. 

To Fatten Old Horses. — One-half gallon alcohol, one quart brewer's yeast, 
one quart buckwheat flour, two drachms tincture cantharides, four ounces 
soda ; put in a jug and let it stand six days and it is fit for use. Dose, one 
teacupf ul two or three times a day on soft food. 



nANB-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 



To Enliven an Old Horse and Make Him Proud. — Two drachms each of 
oil cloves, oil sassafnis, oil anise, oil wintergreen, and two ounces each 
alcohol and tincture asafre-tida ; give ten to fifteen drops in a pail of water. 

To Trade On when a Horse has the Heaves. — Two ounces each of gen- 
tian, Spanish brown, rosin, lobelia, and one-half pound Jamaica ginger; 
mix one tablespoouful three times a day. This is good to trade on, but is 
not a cure. 

For Worms. — One ounce each calomel, copperas, gentian, fcenu greek ; 
mix one tablespoonful twice a day on soft food for three days, then physic. 
A sure cure. 

To Enliven an Old Horse and Make his Hair Lay Nice. — One ounce 
each of oil of cloves, oil rosemary, oil sassafras, oil wintergreen, tincture 
cantharides, two ounces tincture asafcetida, four ounces alcohol ; mix and 
give ten drops in pail of water. This will give life to all that is not dead. 

Dropsy of Muscles on the Chest — Symptoms, — The horse is dull, loses 
his appetite, swells along the belly and chest between the forelegs, roots of 
the mane, and tail dead. Cure — Rowels in the breast and all along the 
sides, as far back as the swelling goes ; then give good physic. After the 
physic operates give the cleansing powders — one tablespoonful twice a day 
on bran mash till the swelling subsides ; keep the horse dry. 

For Scratches. — One ounce sugar led, one ounce burnt alum, half once 
sulphate zinc, one quart rain water ; wash off clean with Castile soap and 
water ; let dry and apply the liquid for three or four days. A sure cure, if 
not grease heel. 

Bloodspavin, or Puffs. — Two ounces each oil origianum, oil hemlock, 
tincture of camphor, spirits turpentine, tincture cantharides, tincture 
iodine, four ounces alcohol ; mix and apply. This is an excellent article if 
properly used. 

Greese Heel. — Bleed one gallon, physic ; then give the cleansing powders ; 
then use the ointment, one ounce each, blue vitroil, copperas, sugar lead, 
rosin, two ounces spirits turpentine, four ounces sheep tallow, ane pound 
hog's lard ; make in a salve ; wash the sores and then use the ointment. 
Wash off all clean every third day till cured. 

Button Farcy. — First physic ; then give the following powders: One 
ounce each of gentian, fcenu greek, rhubarb, calomel, saltpetre, flour sulphur; 
half pound Jamaica ginger ; mix one ta))lespoonful twice h day ; wash ojff 
the sores and dust arsenic in to eat out the rotten flesh. Keep on light food 
—bran mash. 



86 HAND-BOOK OF TIOR 8 EM AN 8 11 IP. 



Spasmodic Colic,_Cramps, but no Swelling. — Two ounces each of laudanum, 
spirits turpentine, asafcetida, chloroform, and one pint of whisky; mix and- 
give one-half at a dose ; if not better in thirty minutes, repeat the dose ; 
bleed one gallon from the neck vein and give one pint linseed oil. A sure 
cure. 

Physicing. — There is more injury done in the practice of this than in any 
other medical treatment of the horse. The old practice has been to physic 
and bleed every spring, and this is necessary where the horse is really sick. 
When you change him from the pasture to the warm stable and dry food, it 
is also good, the horse must be prepared for it. Give three or four mashes 
before the physic, and, in the majority of cases, they will be sufficient with- 
out it, especially if the bowels are slightly moved, for really, the less medicine 
given the better. 

After the physic is given, the horse should have walking exercise for an 
hour or two ; but, when it begins to operate, he should be kept still as 
possible, or the medicine would be likely to gripe, and perhaps irritate 
the intestinal canal, and cause inflammation. You can give him a small 
amount of hay and as much mash as he will eat, and as much water with the 
chill off as he chooses to drink ; if he will not drink tepid water give him 
about a quart of cold water every hour. When the purging ceases, give a 
mash, twice a day, until you give more physic, which should be only once 
a week. 

Barbadoes aloes is tlie best purgative, being always sure and safe. The 
dose, with the horse prepared by bran mashes, would vary from five to 
seven drachms, the latter sufficient for any horse. You can dissolve in 
warm water, and give as a drench, or make into a ball with linseed oil, and 
lay upon the roots of the tongue, letting go the tongue at the same time. 

The- next best purgative is the croton nut; the fatina or meal of the 
nut is used. It should be made into a ball with linseed oil. Give from a 
scruple to half a drachm, according to the state of the subject. It acts more 
speedily than aloes, but causes more debility. Linseed oil is uncertain, but 
safe in doses from a pound to a pound and a half. It leaves the horse in 
very good condition. 

Cough. — Use elecompaine roots, horehound and smartweed with six red 
pepper pods to two ounces of ginger root; boil till all the strength is 
extracted, then strain through flannel ; add two quarts of molasses to every 
gallon of extract, and boil all together for half a hour. Give one gill twice 
a day. Use an ox horn, or a crooked tin horn. Kaise the head, and di*aw 
the tongue out on the left side ; })nt the small end of the horn on the root 
of the tongue, and empty tlie contents ; then let go the tongue. Swab the 
throat every night with this mixture, using a whalebone with linen wrapped 
on the end. This is a sure cure for cousfhs. 



nAND-BOOK OF UO BSE MA N SHIP. 87 



For Restoring Hair to Galled Spots on Horses. — Take owe. pormd red 
clover blossoms and six quarts of water, simmer to a thick syrup — then add 
sufficient barbary tallow to make a paste. This form is the best ointment 
for this purpose extant. 

For Spavin. — Five ounces euphorbium ; two ounces Spanish Hies (fine) ; 
one ounce iodine, dissolve with alcohol ; one-half ounce red precipitate ; one 
ounce corosive sublimate ; one-half ounce quicksilver ; six ounces hog's lard ; 
six ounces white turpentine, one-quarter pound verdigris. Melt the lard 
and the turpentine together, then while hot add all together. Mix well ; 
when cold, fit for use. Rub it in thoroughly on the spavin every day for 
three days, then wash clean with soap-suds, omit for three days, and then 
repeat for three days again, and so on until a perfect cure is produced. 
Should it blister, use it more cautiously. 

Warbles, Sitfasts and Saddle Galls. — These are caused in many cases by 
using a blanket under the saddle in hot weather, thus scalding the back, and 
causing these little lumps to appear ; and when they ulcerate, they are called 
"sitfasts." The ulcer has a calloused spot iji the center. When ti:<ey first 
make their appearance, rest will remove them ; but if the horse is to be used, 
you must remove the stutling from the ])ad of the saddle, that the bearing 
may not come on the ulcer. Bathe in strong salt water, to remove the 
enlargement ; but if it does not effect this,, and it is really a sitfast, apply a 
blister, this will dissolve it, then apply the resin and honey ointment to heal 
it. A horse with high withers, long back, and broad loins, will make the 
best saddle nag, and carry his rider with ease. In hot weather, it is a good 
practice to bathe the back with salt water, when the saddle is removed at 
noon and night. 

Stoppage of Water. — This disease in most cases is caused by allowing the 
horse to become foul, and what is called a beam thereby forms in the end of 
the penis. The horse will stand and weave or stretch out : then paw and 
kick his belly with his hind legs ; he may drop down in harness, and some- 
times break out in a profuse sweat. The only thing to be done in this case 
is to draw his yard carefully, and run the finger around the head, where you 
will find two or three hard substances ; withdraw them and wash the sheath 
clean and grease it with lard. 

In some cases it originates from contraction of the muscles of the loins or 
inaction of the kidneys. To cure this, bathe the loins witii hot water for 
half an hour; then bathe with hot vinegar and pepper-sauce; then cover 
the loins with three or four thicknesses of blankets. Then mix of turpen- 
tine one ounce, sweet spirits of nitre two ounces, and give as a drink. Give 
a bran mash with one tablespoonful of resin in it every day for a week and 
the cure is complete. 



88 HAND-BOOK OF HO RSE3I AN 8 III P. 



To Restore the Appetite. — Use of pulverized caraway seeds and bruised 
raisin four ounces each, of ginger and palm oil, two ounces each. Always 
use twice as much of the first as of the last, in whatever quantity you wish 
to make it. Give a small ball once a day until the appetite is restored, use 
mashes at the same time. 

Stoppage of the Bowels. — Take two quarts of soft fresh horse manure, add 
one quart of boiling hot water, then strain through a common cloth strainer, 
give one pint as a drench. This will not fail for man or beast ; for a man, 
dose, one tablespoonful every hour until it acts. 

Salve for Man or Beast. — For all kinds of old sores, use honey and resin, 
melted together ; add lard enough to make a paste ; when cool, it is fit for 
use. There is no salve better than this, its medicinal qualities are excellent. 

Stifle. — This is a strain of the stifle muscles only; the stifle joint never 
gets out ; if it should the horse would be worthless. The stifle shoe should 
never be used. 

Cure. — Take the whites of six eggs, and two ounces of alum, pulverized ; 
mix well together, and rub on the stifle muscles ; dry with a hot iron. One 
application will probably be sufficient. 

2. — One ounce of sugar lead, one pint of alcohol, mix and apply three or 
four times a day until a cure is effected. 

Tonics. — Where it is necessary to use tonics, gentian is one of the best 
vegetables, especially in chronic debility. It is best united with camomile 
and ginger. Gentian, four drachms ; camomile, two drachms ; ginger, one 
drachm ; give in balls. 

Mercurial Ointment. — Of quicksilver, one ounce ; lard, three ounces ; stir 
until there are no globules to be seen. This is used sometimes in preparing 
sprains and spavins for the regular spavin ointment rubbed on once a day, 
for two or three days, before using the ointment. 

Poultices. — Few horsemen are aware of the value of these simple prepara- 
tions in abating inflammation and in allaying pain, cleansing wounds and 
causing them to heal. They are the best kinds of fomentations ; they con- 
tinue longer and keep the pores open. In all inflammations of the foot they 
are very beneficial, and in cases of contraction. A poultice that retains the 
heat and moisture longest is the best. They will relieve swellings, take out 
the soreness from the pores, and draw out the unnatural substances. Lin- 
seed meal makes the best poultice ; it will hasten any tumor that is neces- 
sary to open, and cleanse any old one, causing a healthy discharge, where it 



UAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 89 



is offensive. But in this case — where the ulcer smells badly — add two 
ounces of pulverized charcoal or chloride of lime — half an ounce to one 
pound of meal. This is good to use in grease or cracked heel. 

A poultice should never be put on tight. Carrots are very good, mashed 
fine, after boiling soft. The coal may be used in this also, where the parts 
smell offensively. 

Farcy — Its Treatment. — When the farcy attacks only one part of the horse, 
and that where the blood vessels are small, it may be easily cured ; but when 
the plate vein is affected and turns corded, and especially the crural veins 
inside the thigh are in that condition, the cure is very diflficult, and the 
creature is rarely fit for anything but the lowest work after it. 

Bathe the legs every night in hot water, into which put a shovel of hot 
wood ashes, making a weak ley. When he regains his appetite be very care- 
ful in feeding. Give him mashes at least twice a day until he gets his 
strength, then give green food, if possible. 

In very severe cases of farcy, internal medicines will be necessary. Use of 
corrosive sublimate, ten grains — increased to a scruple with two drachms of 
gentian, and one of ginger ; repeat morning and night until the ulcer 
disappears. 

Pleurisy — How to be Treated. — This is an attack of the membrane cover- 
ing the lungs, and the lining of the chest, called the "pleura." The 
symptoms are nearly the same as in inflammation of the lungs. The horse 
has no disposition to lie down or to move about ; the neck will be the same 
as in lung fever, nostrils distended, and the membrane of the nose very red ; 
he breathes very hard, with a kind of grunt ; the legs will be cold, and he 
will have a hard full pulse. The blood, however, is not obstructed in its 
passage through the lungs. By pressing on his side he will give symptoms 
of pain in a very decided grunt. 

Cure.— Blister both sides of the chest, and bathe the legs in hot water. 
Or broil bran, and put an old pantaloon leg on over his, and fill it around 
with hot bran ; this will get up a circulation in the extremities. Then give 
one and a half drachms emetic tartar, two drachms digitalis, three drachms 
nitre. Keep well covered with warm clothing. Use one ounce of cream 
tartar in two quarts of tepid water, for a drink. Be sure to keep the legs 
warm by hot applications and bandages. Use these medicines until a cure 
is effected. 

To Glean and Oil Harness. — First take the harness apart, having each 
strap and piece by itself, then wash it in warm soap suds. When cleaned, 
black every part with the following dye : One ounce extract logwood, twelve 
grains bichromate of potash, both pounded fine ; then put into two quarts 



90 HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 



of boiling rain water, and stir until all is dissolved. When cool, it may be 
used. You can bottle and keep for future use, if you wish. It may be 
applied with a shoe-brush, or anything else convenient. When the dye has 
struck in, you may oil each part with neatsfoot oil, applied with a paint 
brush, or anything convenient. For second oiling use one-third castor oil, 
and two-thirds neatsfoot oil, mised. A few hours after, wipe clean with a 
woolen cloth, which gives the harness a glossy appearance. 

The preparation does not injure the leather or stitching, makes it soft and 
pliable, and obviates the necessity of oiling as often as is necessary by the 
ordinary method. 

Blistering Liniment. — One part Spanish flies, finely powdered ; three of 
lard, and one of yellow resin. Mix the lard and resin together, and add the 
flies when the other ingredients begin to cool. To render it more active, add 
one pint spirits turpentine. 

Medicated Food for Horses and Cattle. — Take linseed cake and pulverize 

or srind it up in tliie shape of meal, and, to every fifty pounds of this in- 
gredient, add ten pounds Indian meal ; two pounds sulphuret of antimony ; 
two pounds ground ginger; one and three-quarter pounds saltpetre, and 
two pounds powdered sulpJiur, Mix the whole thoroughly together, put in 
neat boxes or packages for sale or otherwise as desired, and you will have an 
article equal in value to Thorley's food, or almost any other preparation that 
can be got up for the purpose of fattening stock or curing disease in every 
case when food or medicine can be of any use whatever. This article can 
be fed in any desired quantity, beginning with a few tablespoonsful at a 
time, for a horse, mixing it with his grain, and in the same proportion to 
smaller animals, repeating t]\e dose and increasing the quantity as the case 
may seem to require. 

Lotion for Mange. — Boil two ounces tobacco in one quart water; strain; 
add sulpiiur and soft soap, each two oimces. 

For Strains and Swellings. — Strong vinegar saturated with common salt, 
used warm, is good for strains and reducing swellings. One ounce of white 
vitriol, one ounce of green copperas, two teaspoonsfuls of gunpowder, all 
pulverized together^ and dissolved in one quart of soft water, and used cold, 
rubbing in thoroughly, is one of the best applications known for reducing 
swellings. 

Weakness across the Loin§. — This originates many times from a stoppage 
of water. It is not always what would be called gravel, it may be from con- 
traction of the muscles across the loins. The more the horse strains, the 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 91 

more contraction it would cause. He becomes stiff, and it is difficult for him 
to move his hind parts. 

Cure. — Give one ounce of pulverised aloes ; one ounce sweet spirits of 
nitre, one ounce oil sassafras. Give this as one dose after making into 
small balls. Then bathe the loins with hot pepper-sauce. Blanket the 
horse well, putting several thicknesses over the loins. As soon as he can 
stand, give two quarts bran mash, with one tablespoonful of powdered 
resin. Give this for two or three days, and keep the loins as warm as pos- 
sible. Also use a liniment; origanum, two ounces; oil of sassafras, two 
ounces; spirits of turpentine, two ounces; well mixed together, and bathe ' 
the loins twice a day. 

Stocked or Swollen Legs. — This is caused by sudden heats and colds. • 
Cure. — Bathe the legs, from the hoof to the knee, in as hot water as he 
will bear, and then bandage them ; the hot water opens the pores and thins 
the blood, that has become thick, and will not circulate well. Make a 
strong tea of sassafras roots, and give it to drink. If not easily procured, 
give as purge one pint of linseed or castor oil, half an ounce of oil of sassa- 
fras. Feed light, give bran mash with one tablespoonful of cream tartar 
for a few nights. 

Scours.— This is a disease which reqiiires no description — you will know 
it when it comes. It is the same as cholera in a man, but is very easy to 
manage. In a warm climate it is very dangerous, as two-thirds of the 
horses taken with it die in three or four days. 

Cure. — Boil red or white oak bark to a strong ooze ; put two table- 
spoonsful of cream of tartar to one quart of this decoction; give to 
drink or as a drench — then use the bark water for injection. Keep this 
up until the purging is stopped, then give a mash of scalded wheat bran 
twice a day. Give no hay or grain, or you will cause a relapse. He will 
have a good appetite, biit be very careful^ for several days, and when you 
commence feeding, feed very light. A positive cure. 

Ring'-bone and Spavin Cure. — Venice turpentine and Spanish flies, of 
each two ounces; euphorbium and aqua-ammonia, of each one ounce; red 
precipitate, one-half ounce; corrosive sublimate, one-quarter ounce; lard, 
one and one-half pounds. Pulverize all, and put into the lard; simmer 
slowly over coals, not scorching or burning; and pour off, free of sedi- 
ment. For ring-bones, cut off the hair, and rub the ointment well into the 
lumps once in forty-eight hours. For spavins, once in twenty-four hours 
for three mornings. "Wash well previous to each application with suds, 
rubbing over the place with a smooth stick, to squeeze out a thick, yellow 
matter. This has removed very large ring-bones. 



92 HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 



For Lung Fever. — Symptoms : Cold, clammy sweat, distended nostrils, 
hard breathing, soreness of chest opposite lungs, legs cold below the knees, 
thirsty, but cannot drink. The disease is occasioned by changing the horse 
from warm to eold stabling. Cure : Give one ounce sweet spirits of nitre, 
one ounce compound tine, lavender, one ounce laudanum. Peed no hay, 
but feed soft food. Blister all around the chest opposite the lungs with two 
ounces spirits of ammonia, two ounces spirits turpentine, two ounces tinc- 
ture cantharides, one ounce sweet oil ; mix and use with sponge or woolen 
rag. Don't bleed, or death may likely ensue. If the pulse is too quick, 
take two drachms digitalis, two drachms tartar emetic ; mix in six powders, 
and give one every four hours till the heart is quiet, when stop. Give the 
water off slippery elm bark to drink, with tlie chill broke. Hub the legs 
with cayenne pepper and alcohol. Blanket well and let him breathe the 
fresh air. This is a very valuable recipe. 

B,ecipe for Swellings. — Double handful each mullin leaves, May apple 
roots, poke roots, one gallon water ; boil and add double handful salt ; apply 
as warm as the hand can bear it. Good and cheap. 

For Fits, — This is caused by overflow of blood from the heart to the brain, 
which causes concussion. Bleed through the nose, then give tablespoonful 
cleansing powders twice a day on bran mash, then the restorative liquid ; 
keeps the bowels open. 

To Stop Heaves Q,uickly. — Three eggs, two drachms lobelia, one pint vine- 
gar, two drachms alum ; mix altogether ; divide in three doses and give 
one every morning. This is not permanent, but good to trade on. 

Jaimdice or Yellow Water — Symptoms: Hair of mane and tail loose, eyes 
yellow, bars of mouth swollen, right fore leg lame. Give physic, then 
cleansing powers ; don't bleed, and you will save your horse. 

Flatulent Colic. — One ounce each tincture asafoetida, laudanum, tincture 
camphor, two drachms spirits turpentine, one pint whisky, mix and drench ; 
bleed one gallon, then give one and a half once soc aloes, two drachms asa- 
fcBtida, two drachms calomel ; make in ball, pull out tongue and give. 

For Lice on Cattle, Horses and Hogs.— Two drachms cuckle berries, one 
quart of water; boil together and apply with a sponge or woolen rag. Be 
careful, as this is poison. 

Eecipe for Liniment. — Two ounces each of oil origanum, laudanum, oil 

sassafras, tincture camphor, oil cedar, spirits ammonia, spirits turpentine, 
sweet oil; one gallon alcohoL Good for swellings, burns, etc. 



UAND-BOOK OF HOESEMANSUIP 93 



Fistula or Poll Evil before Breaking. — One ounce each sal-ammoniac, 
turpentine, oil origanum, oil cedar, tincture cantharides, four ounces alco- 
hol ; mix and bathe parts twice a day. 

Fistula after Breaking,— Half ounce each corrosive sublimate, calomel, blue 
vitriol ; mix and put as much as will lay on the point of a knife blade in a 
soft piece of tissue paper and put down as far as possible in the pipes ; bleed 
one gallon in neck vein ; give a good physic and feed the cleansing powders. 
A sure cure. 

Grease. — In many cases, swelled leg, although distinct from grease, 
degenerate into it. This disease is inflammation of the skin of the heel, 
and very seldom comes on the fore legs. The skin of the heel has a peculiar 
greasy feeling, and when inflamed, the secretion of this greasy matter is 
stopped. The heels become red, dry and scurvy, and being so much in 
motion, they very soon crack, and sometimes ulceration and fungus will 
extend over the whole heel. The first appearance of grease is usually a dry, 
scurvy state of the skin of the heel. They should be washed with soap and 
water, and relieved of all the hard substance that they can by soaking ; then 
wipe dry, and sprinkle pulverized verdigris ; this will dry up. But when 
the heels are badly cracked and ulceration has commenced it will be neces- 
sary to poultice them with linseed oil, or, if not at hand, carrots boiled soft 
and mashed fine ; this is a good poultice for any inflamed part. 

When infltimmatiou and pain have gone, and there is a healthy discharge 
of matter, dress with an ointment of one ounce of rosin, two ounces of honey 
in the comb, two ounces of lard, and one ounce of caliman powder ; this 
cools and heals very fast. If the fungus is not entirely gone, wash with two 
drachms of bine vitriol in a point of water. It is well to give a mild diuretic 
every third day — one tablespoonful of pulverized rosin in a ball of bi-an 
mash. Mash the horse while treating for this. Sassafras tea is good for 
him. If the legs swell after they are healed, bandage every night, and 
give moderate walking exercise. Give a slight purge of linseed oil or Bar- 
badoes aloes. 

For all slints, bruises, and swelling of the limbs, use thorough wort and 
mullen, steeped and applied as hot as possible, with bandages. 

The horse pulse beats from thirty-six to forty-four per minute in health; 
ninety feet of distentions, thirty feet of large and sixty feet of small ; 
stomach said to liold about twenty-four quarts. It varies with the size of 
the horse. 



94 



HAND-BOOK OF HORSEMANSHIP. 



A gelding has forty teeth, a mare thirty- six, or the four incisors or bridle 
teeth less than a gelding ; twelve nippers, four incisors, twenty-four grinders, 
or molar teeth; there are two hundred and forty-two separate pieces of 
bones in the structure of the horse. 

A prominent writer says in course of conversation, *' The man who will not 
be counseled cannot be helped." 

The greatest secret in life is to learn to let well cnoiigli alone. 



MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS. 



Best Trotting' Times Different Ways 
of Going. 

SINGLY. 
1 mile, 3.0914, Maud S., against time, in 
harness, accompanied last half mile by 
a running horse, Lexington, Kv., Nov. 

11, 1884 2.11, 2.IOI4. Jay-Ey.--See, 

against time, accompanied by running 
horse; fastest two consecutive trials, 

Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 15, 1884 

2.13^, best time in a race between 
horses, Maud S. , Chicago, III., July 24, 

1880 2.131;^, Maxey Cobb, against 

time, accompanied by running horse — 
fastest stallion time, Providence, R. L . 

Sept. 30, 1884 2.15, 2.I414-, 2.151^. 

Phallas, against time, accompanied by 
running horse — fastest two and tliree 
consecutive trials by a stallion, Phila- 
delphia, August 15, 1884 2. 15^, 

Great Eastern, under saddle, third heat, 

Morrisania, N. Y., Sept. 22, 1877 

2.161^, 2.17, 2.17, Hopeful, fastest time 
and best two and three consecutive heats 
to wagon, Chicago, 111., Oct. 12, 1878. 

2A()%, ..lay-Eye-See, against time, 

best five-year-old record. Providence, 

R. I., Sept. 15, 1883 2.173^, Sallie 

Benton, 4 years, against time, San Fran- 
cisco, Cal., Dec. 13, 1884 2.193^, 

Hinda Rose, 3 years, third heat, Lexing- 
ton, Ky., October 10, 1883 2.19^2, 

Charley Ford, harness, best sixth heat, 

Hartford, Conn., Aug. 26, 1880 

2.21, Wildflower, 2 years, against time, 

San Francisco, Cab, Oct. 22, 1881 

2.'iQ}'Q, Hinda Rose, yearling, against 
time. San Francisco, Cal., Nov. 24, 1881. 



2 miles — 4.46, against time, Monroe Chief, 
with running mate, Lexington, Ky. , 

Oct. 21, 1882 4.483^, 4.51, fastest 

two consecutive heats, in harness, Steve 
Maxwell, Rochester, N. Y., August 10, 

1880 4.56>4, to wagon. Gen. Butler, 

first heat, June 18, 1863, and Dexter, 
second heat, Fashion Course, L. I., Oct. 
27, 1885. 

3 miles — 7.2144. Huntress, harness, Brook- 
lyn, L. L, Sept. 21, 1872 7.32>^, 

Dutchman, under saddle, Beacon Course , 

Hoboken, N. J., Aug, 1, 1839 7.53, 

Longfellow, wagon, Sacramento, Cal., 
Sept. 21, 1868. 

4 miles — 10.341/2, Longfellow, wagon, Cali- 
fornia, Dec. 31, 1869 10.51, Dutch- 
man, saddle, May, 1836 11.06, 

Trustee, harness, Union Course, L. I., 
June 13, 1849. 

5 miles — 13.00, Lady Mac, harness, San 
Francisco, Cal.. April 2. 1874. . . .13.43^, 
Little Mac, wagon, Oct. 29, 1863. 

10 miles — 27.23I4, Controller, harness, San 

Francisco, Cal., Nov. 23, 1878 23.02>^, 

John Stewart, wagon, Boston, Mass., 
June 30, 1868. 

20 miles — 58.25, Captain McGowan, har- 
ness, half-mile track, Boston, Oct. 31, 

1865 58.57, Controller, wagon, San 

Franoisco, Cal., April 20. 1878. 

50 miles — 3.55:403^, Ariel, harness, driver 
weighing 60 pounds, Albany, N. Y.. 1846 

3.59:04, Spangle, wagon and driver 

weighing 400 pounds. Union Course, L. 
I., Oct. 15. 1855. 

100 miles — 8.55:53, Conqueror, in hamesa. 
Union Course, L. I.. Nov. 12. 1853. 

101 miles— 9.42:57, Fanny Jenks, Albany, 
NY., 1845. 



HAND-BOOK OF UOllBE M AN t^H I P. 



95 



WITH RUNNING MATE. 

1 mile — 2.06, H. B. Winship, against time, 

Providence, R. I., Aug. 1, 1884 

2.083^, Frank, against another horse, 

Brooklyn. N. Y., Nov. 15, 1888 

2.09^, H, B. Winship, in a race — fastest 
fourth heat, Chicago, III., July 5, 1884. 

2.103>4, H. B. Winship, fastest 

second heat, Brooklyn, N. Y , Nov. 15, 

1883 2.12^, 2.103^, 2.09;'^, H. B. 

Winship, fastest third heat and three 
consecutive heats, Chicago. Hi., July 5, 
1884. 

DOUBLE TEAMS. 

1 mile — 2.15^, Maxey Cobb and Neta 
Medium, against time, to skeleton wagon. 

New York, Nov. 14, 1884 2.I614, 

Edward and Dick Swiveller, against 
time, second best, skeleton wagon. Provi- 
dence, R. I., Aug. 18. 1884 2.161^, 

Cleora and Independence, against time, 
to sulky, Hartford, Conn., Aug. 25, 1883. 

Best Pacing Times Different Ways of 
Ooiiij?. 

1 mile — 2.06^4, Johnston, harness, against 

time, Chicago, 111., Oct. 3, 1884 

2.14<4, Billy' Boyce, urder saddle, Buf- 
falo^ N. Y., Aug. 1, 1868 2.161^, 

2.19)4, half-mile track. Little Brown 

Jug, Red Wing, Minn, Juno 8, 1882 

2.171^, Pocahontas, wagon and driver 
weighing 265 pounds. Union Course, L. 
I., June 21, 1855. 

2 miles — 4.56 j^, Hero, harness. Union 

Course, L. I., May 17, 1853 4.57>^, 

James K. Polk, saddle, also Roanoke, 

Philadelphia, June 30, 1850 4.58^^, 

Young America, to wagon. 

3 miles — 7.44, Oneida Chief, saddle, Ho- 

boken, N. J., Aug. 15, 1843 7.44, 

James K. Polk, harness, Centreville 
Course, L. I., Sept. 13, 1847. 

Long-Distan<5e Riding. 

10 miles— 20.02, Miss Belie Cook, 5 horses, 
changing five times, Minneapolis, Minn., 
Sept. 10, 1882. 

20 miles — 40.59, Little Cricket, changing 
horses at will, Minneapolis, Minn., Sept. 
7, 1882. 

50 miles— 1.50:03^, Carl Pugh,ten horses, 
changing at will, match race, San Ber- 
nardino, Cal., July 7, 1883 Woman: 

3.27:00, Miss Nellie Burke, Galveston, 
Texas, Feb. 24, 1884. 

60 miles— 2.33:00. George Osbaldiston, 11 
horses, Newmarket, Eng., Nov. 5, 1831, 

100 miles— 4.19:40, George Osbaldiston, 16 
horses, as above. 

155 miles — 6.45:07, John Murphy, match 

' against time, 20 horses, New York City, 
July 3, 1876 



200 miles— 8 hours, Nell H. Mowry, 30 
horses, Bay View Park, San Francisco, 
Aug. 2, 1868; in 8.42, George Osbaldis- 
ton, 29 horses, as above. 

201 miles — 52 hours, Hesing, Jr., in match 
with G. Guyon, pedestrian. Exposition 
Building, Chicago, 111., January 9, 10, 11, 
1880. 

300 miles— 14.09:00, Nell H. Mowry, 30 
horses, as above. 

559 miles 754 yards — Pinafore, in six-day 
race against other horses and men, 
Mechanics' Pavilliou, San Francisco, 
Cal., Oct. 15-20, 1879. 

1,304 miles — 90 hours, 15 hours per day, 
changing mustangs at will, C. M. Ander- 
son, Bay District track, San Francisco, 
Cal., May 15, 1880. 

Railroading. 

1 mile — 5OJ4S., 3 miles in 2 m. 36I4S., 5 
miles in 4m. 50s., West Philadelphia to 
Jersey City, Sept. 4, 1879. 

10 miles— 8m., Hamburg to Buffalo, N. Y.; 
in 9m., Peekskill to Sing Sing, N. Y., 
Feb. 17, 1874. 

14 miles — 11m., locomotive Hamilton Davis 
and six cars. New Y''ork Central R. R., 
1855. 

18 miles — 15m., special train conveying 
the Duke of Wellington, Paddington to 
Slough, Eng. 

44 miles — 43m. 30s., special train convey- 
ing newspaper correspondents, last 16^ 
miles in 14m., Washington Junction to 
Washington, D. C, June 10, 1884. 

53I4' miles — 47m., broad-guage engine 
Great Britain, 4 carriages and vans, Pad- 
dington to Didcot, Eng., May 11, 1848. 

Ill miles — 98m., Fontaine engine and two 
coaches, Amherstburg to St. Thomas, 
Canada, May 5, 1881. 109m , locomo- 
tive, baggage car, one coach and one 
Pullman palace car, St. Thomas to Am- 
herstburg, Sept. 13, 1877. 

118 miles — 120m., Engine No. 10, special 
palace car; 17m. (Welland to Victoria), 
in 14)^m., St. Thomas to Victoria, Can- 
ada, 153m., Fontaine engine and two 
coaches, in 251m., St. Thomas to Vic 
toria, May 5, 1881. 

157.74-100 miles — 165m., special train, 
Niagara Falls to Syracuse, N. Y., March 
1, 1876. 

813 miles — 23h. (actual running time, 19h 
30m.), special train conveying Washing 
ton newspaper correspondents from Con 
vention, Chicago, 111., to Washington 
D.'C, June 7-8, 1884. 

Jersey City to San Francisco, Cal., 83h 
39m. 16s.', Jarett & Palmer's train, com- 
bination passenger, mail and baggage 
car and a Pullman hotel car, June 1 to 
4, 1876. No stop between Jersey City 
and Pittsburg, Pa 



NOTICE 



Dear Sir:— If you have a copy of this book, 
and desire any other information in regard to 
training and shoeing the horse, I will be happy 
to hear from you through the mail. Please state 
in your letter v/hen and of whom you obtained 
a copy of this book. 

Yours truly, 

O. R. GLEASON, 



Post-0//!ce Address— 

EAST AURORA, N. Y., 

OR 

BUFFALO, N. Y. 



Horse Educator. 




DOUBLE SAFETY ROPE. 




GLEASON DRIVIMG ALMONT J f< 



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